Non-Hermitian chiral degeneracy of gated graphene metasurfaces

Soojeong Baek; Sang Hyun Park; Donghak Oh; Kanghee Lee; Sangha Lee; Hosub Lim; Taewoo Ha; Hyun Sung Park; Shuang Zhang; Lan Yang; Bumki Min; Teun-Teun Kim

doi:10.1038/s41377-023-01121-6

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Non-Hermitian chiral degeneracy of gated graphene metasurfaces

Original Articles

- Non-Hermitian chiral degeneracy of gated graphene metasurfaces
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 12, Issue 5, Pages: 766-775(2023)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro 291, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
  2.Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
  3.Harvard Institute of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
  4.Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Seobu-ro 2066, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
  5.Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Samsung-ro, Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
  6.Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
  7.Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
  8.Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daehak-ro 291, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
  9.Department of Physics, University of Ulsan, Daehak-ro, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
  10.Present address: Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), Gajeong-ro 267, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Author bio：
  
  Bumki Min (bmin@kaist.ac.kr)
  Teun-Teun Kim (ttkim@ulsan.ac.kr)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-023-01121-6
  CLC：
- Published：31 May 2023，
  
  Published Online：6 April 2023，
  
  Received：19 August 2022，
  
  Revised：6 February 2023，
  
  Accepted：27 February 2023
Scan for full text
Baek, S. et al. Non-Hermitian chiral degeneracy of gated graphene metasurfaces. Light: Science & Applications, 12, 766-775 (2023).
DOI：

Baek, S. et al. Non-Hermitian chiral degeneracy of gated graphene metasurfaces. Light: Science & Applications, 12, 766-775 (2023). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-023-01121-6.

摘要

Abstract

Non-Hermitian degeneracies

also known as exceptional points (EPs)

have been the focus of much attention due to their singular eigenvalue surface structure. Nevertheless

as pertaining to a non-Hermitian metasurface platform

the reduction of an eigenspace dimensionality at the EP has been investigated mostly in a passive repetitive manner. Here

we propose an electrical and spectral way of resolving chiral EPs and clarifying the consequences of chiral mode collapsing of a non-Hermitian gated graphene metasurface. More specifically

the measured non-Hermitian Jones matrix in parameter space enables the quantification of nonorthogonality of polarisation eigenstates and half-integer topological charges associated with a chiral EP. Interestingly

the output polarisation state can be made orthogonal to the coalesced polarisation eigenstate of the metasurface

revealing the missing dimension at the chiral EP. In addition

the maximal nonorthogonality at the chiral EP leads to a blocking of one of the cross-polarised transmission pathways and

consequently

the observation of enhanced asymmetric polarisation conversion. We anticipate that electrically controllable non-Hermitian metasurface platforms can serve as an interesting framework for the investigation of rich non-Hermitian polarisation dynamics around chiral EPs.

关键词

Keywords

references

Berry,M.V.Physicsofnonhermitiandegeneracies.Czechoslovak J. Phys.54,1039–1047(2004)..

Heiss,W.D.Thephysicsofexceptionalpoints.J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.45,444016(2012)..

Bender,C.M.Makingsenseofnon-hermitianhamiltonians.Rep. Prog. Phys.70,947–1018(2007)..

Ashida,Y.,Gong,Z.P.&Ueda,M.Non-Hermitianphysics.Adv. Phys.69,249–435(2020)..

Ren,Z.J.etal.Chiralcontrolofquantumstatesinnon-Hermitianspin–orbit-coupledfermions.Nat. Phys.18,385–389(2022)..

Abbasi,M.etal.Topologicalquantumstatecontrolthroughexceptional-pointproximity.Phys. Rev. Lett.128,160401(2022)..

Gao,T.etal.Observationofnon-Hermitiandegeneraciesinachaoticexciton-polaritonbilliard.Nature526,554–558(2015)..

Choi,Y.etal.Observationofananti-PT-symmetricexceptionalpointandenergy-differenceconservingdynamicsinelectricalcircuitresonators.Nat. Commun.9,2182(2018)..

Xu,G.Q.etal.ObservationofWeylexceptionalringsinthermaldiffusion.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA119,e2110018119(2022)..

Fruchart,M.etal.Non-reciprocalphasetransitions.Nature592,363–369(2021)..

Feng,L.,El-Ganainy,R.&Ge,L.Non-Hermitianphotonicsbasedonparity-timesymmetry.Nat. Photonics11,752–762(2017)..

Özdemir,Ş.K.etal.Parity–timesymmetryandexceptionalpointsinphotonics.Nat. Mater.18,783–798(2019)..

Miri,M.A.&Alù,A.Exceptionalpointsinopticsandphotonics.Science363,eaar7709(2019)..

Parto,M.etal.Non-Hermitianandtopologicalphotonics:Opticsatanexceptionalpoint.Nanophotonics10,403–423(2020)..

Yoon,J.W.etal.Time-asymmetriclooparoundanexceptionalpointoverthefullopticalcommunicationsband.Nature562,86–90(2018)..

Nasari,H.etal.Observationofchiralstatetransferwithoutencirclinganexceptionalpoint.Nature605,256–261(2022)..

Wang,C.Q.etal.Electromagneticallyinducedtransparencyatachiralexceptionalpoint.Nat. Phys.16,334–340(2020)..

Zhen,B.etal.SpawningringsofexceptionalpointsoutofDiraccones.Nature525,354–358(2015)..

Cerjan,A.etal.ExperimentalrealizationofaWeylexceptionalring.Nat. Photonics13,623–628(2019)..

Chen,H.Z.etal.Revealingthemissingdimensionatanexceptionalpoint.Nat. Phys.16,571–578(2020)..

Feng,L.etal.Single-modelaserbyparity-timesymmetrybreaking.Science346,972–975(2014)..

Song,Q.H.etal.Plasmonictopologicalmetasurfacebyencirclinganexceptionalpoint.Science373,1133–1137(2021)..

Ergoktas,M.S.etal.Topologicalengineeringofterahertzlightusingelectricallytunableexceptionalpointsingularities.Science376,184–188(2022)..

Chen,W.J.etal.Exceptionalpointsenhancesensinginanopticalmicrocavity.Nature548,192–196(2017)..

Park,J.H.etal.Symmetry-breaking-inducedplasmonicexceptionalpointsandnanoscalesensing.Nat. Phys.16,462–468(2020)..

Wang,C.Q.etal.Coherentperfectabsorptionatanexceptionalpoint.Science373,1261–1265(2021)..

Colom,R.etal.Crossingofthebranchcut:thetopologicaloriginofauniversal2π-phaseretardationinnon-Hermitianmetasurfaces.Printathttps://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2202.05632https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2202.05632(2022).

Lawrence,M.etal.ManifestationofPTsymmetrybreakinginpolarizationspacewithterahertzmetasurfaces.Phys. Rev. Lett.113,093901(2014)..

Park,S.H.etal.Observationofanexceptionalpointinanon-Hermitianmetasurface.Nanophotonics9,1031–1039(2020)..

Cerjan,A.&Fan,S.H.Achievingarbitrarycontroloverpairsofpolarizationstatesusingcomplexbirefringentmetamaterials.Phys. Rev. Lett.118,253902(2017)..

Kang,M.,Chen,J.&Chong,Y.D.Chiralexceptionalpointsinmetasurfaces.Phys. Rev. A94,1–5(2016)..

Yu,S.etal.Low-dimensionalopticalchiralityincomplexpotentials.Optica3,1025–1032(2016)..

Li,S.X.etal.Exceptionalpointinametal-graphenehybridmetasurfacewithtunableasymmetricloss.Opt. Express28,20083–20094(2020)..

Makris,K.G.etal.BeamdynamicsinPTsymmetricopticallattices.Phys. Rev. Lett.100,103904(2008)..

Wang,D.Y.etal.SuperconductivePT-symmetryphasetransitioninmetasurfaces.Phys. Rev. Lett.110,021104(2017)..

Suh,W.,Wang,Z.&Fan,S.H.Temporalcoupled-modetheoryandthepresenceofnon-orthogonalmodesinlosslessmultimodecavities.IEEE J. Quantum Electron.40,1511–1518(2004)..

Król,M.etal.AnnihilationofexceptionalpointsfromdifferentDiracvalleysina2Dphotonicsystem.Nat. Commun.13,5340(2022)..

Su,R.etal.Directmeasurementofanon-Hermitiantopologicalinvariantinahybridlight-mattersystem.Sci. Adv.7,eabj8905(2021)..

Seyranian,A.P.,Kirillov,O.N.&Mailybaev,A.A.Couplingofeigenvaluesofcomplexmatricesatdiabolicandexceptionalpoints.J. Phys. A: Math. Gen.38,1723–1740(2005)..

Berry,M.V.Modedegeneraciesandthepetermannexcess-noisefactorforunstablelasers.J. Mod. Opt.50,63–81(2003)..

Lee,S.Y.etal.DivergentPetermannfactorofinteractingresonancesinastadium-shapedmicrocavity.Phys. Rev. A78,015805(2008)..

Zhang,Y.W.etal.Observationofpolarizationvorticesinmomentumspace.Phys. Rev. Lett.120,186103(2018)..

Tang,W.Y.etal.Exceptionalnexuswithahybridtopologicalinvariant.Science370,1077–1080(2020)..

Zhou,H.Y.etal.ObservationofbulkFermiarcandpolarizationhalfchargefrompairedexceptionalpoints.Science359,1009–1012(2018)..

Yang,Z.S.etal.Fermiondoublingtheoremsintwo-dimensionalnon-hermitiansystemsforfermipointsandexceptionalpoints.Phys. Rev. Lett.126,086401(2021)..

Ben-Aryeh,Y.Nonunitarysqueezingandbiorthogonalscalarproductsinpolarizationoptics.J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclassical Opt.7,S452(2005)..

Mailybaev,A.A.,Kirillov,O.N.&Seyranian,A.P.Geometricphasearoundexceptionalpoints.Phys. Rev. A72,014104(2005)..

Kravets,V.G.etal.Singularphasenano-opticsinplasmonicmetamaterialsforlabel-freesingle-moleculedetection.Nat. Mater.12,304–309(2013)..

Fedotov,V.A.etal.Asymmetricpropagationofelectromagneticwavesthroughaplanarchiralstructure.Phys. Rev. Lett.97,16(2006)..

Singh,R.etal.Terahertzmetamaterialwithasymmetrictransmission.Phys. Rev. B.80,15(2009)..

Ordal,M.A.,Bell,R.J.,Alexander,R.W.,Long,L.L.&Querry,M.R.Opticalpropertiesoffourteenmetalsintheinfraredandfarinfrared:Al,Co,Cu,Au,Fe,Pb,Mo,Ni,Pd,Pt,Ag,Ti,V,andW.Appl. Opt.24,4493(1985)..

Ziegler,K.Minimalconductivityofgraphene:NonuniversalvaluesfromtheKuboformula.Phys. Rev. B.75,233407(2007)..

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

No data

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

No data

⁰