Electrically tunable third-harmonic generation using intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces

Seongjin Park; Jaeyeon Yu; Gerhard Boehm; Mikhail A. Belkin; Jongwon Lee

doi:10.1038/s41377-024-01517-y

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Electrically tunable third-harmonic generation using intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces

Original Articles

- Electrically tunable third-harmonic generation using intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces
- Light: Science & Applications Vol. 13, Issue 8, Pages: 1666-1674(2024)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Department of Electrical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
  2.Walter Schottky Institute, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Author bio：
  
  Jongwon Lee (jongwonlee@unist.ac.kr)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-024-01517-y
  CLC：
- Published：31 August 2024，
  
  Published Online：17 July 2024，
  
  Received：19 March 2024，
  
  Revised：23 May 2024，
  
  Accepted：30 June 2024
- Accepted：
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Park, S. et al. Electrically tunable third-harmonic generation using intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces. Light: Science & Applications, 13, 1666-1674 (2024).
DOI：

Park, S. et al. Electrically tunable third-harmonic generation using intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces. Light: Science & Applications, 13, 1666-1674 (2024). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-024-01517-y.

摘要

Abstract

Nonlinear intersubband polaritonic metasurfaces

which integrate giant nonlinear responses derived from intersubband transitions of multiple quantum wells (MQWs) with plasmonic nanoresonators

not only facilitate efficient frequency conversion at pump intensities on the order of few tens of kW cm

-2

but also enable electrical modulation of nonlinear responses at the individual meta-atom level and dynamic beam manipulation. The electrical modulation characteristics of the magnitude and phase of the nonlinear optical response are realized through Stark tuning of the resonant intersubband nonlinearity. In this study

we report

for the first time

experimental implementations of electrical modulation characteristics of mid-infrared third-harmonic generation (THG) using an intersubband polaritonic metasurface based on MQW with electrically tunable third-order nonlinear response. Experimentally

we achieved a 450% modulation depth of the THG signal

86% suppression of zero-order THG diffraction tuning based on local phase tuning exceeding 180 degrees

and THG beam steering using phase gradients. Our work proposes a new route for electrically tunable flat nonlinear optical elements with versatile functionalities.

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references

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