Optical conductivity-based ultrasensitive mid-infrared biosensing on a hybrid metasurface

Yibo Zhu; Zhaoyi Li; Zhuang Hao; Christopher DiMarco; Panita Maturavongsadit; Yufeng Hao; Ming Lu; Aaron Stein; Qian Wang; James Hone; Nanfang Yu; Qiao Lin

doi:10.1038/s41377-018-0066-1

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Optical conductivity-based ultrasensitive mid-infrared biosensing on a hybrid metasurface

Original Articles

- Optical conductivity-based ultrasensitive mid-infrared biosensing on a hybrid metasurface
- Optical conductivity-based ultrasensitive mid-infrared biosensing on a hybrid metasurface
- 光：科学与应用 2018年7卷第6期页码：692-702
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
  2.Department of Applied Physics and Applied Math, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
  3.Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
  4.National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
  5.Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Author bio：
  
  Nanfang Yu (ny2214@columbia.edu)
  Qiao Lin (qlin@columbia.edu)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-018-0066-1
  中图分类号：
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Yibo Zhu, Zhaoyi Li, Zhuang Hao, 等. Optical conductivity-based ultrasensitive mid-infrared biosensing on a hybrid metasurface[J]. 光：科学与应用, 2018,7(6):692-702.

Zhu, Y. B. et al. Optical conductivity-based ultrasensitive mid-infrared biosensing on a hybrid metasurface. Light: Science & Applications, 7, 692-702 (2018).
Yibo Zhu, Zhaoyi Li, Zhuang Hao, 等. Optical conductivity-based ultrasensitive mid-infrared biosensing on a hybrid metasurface[J]. 光：科学与应用, 2018,7(6):692-702. DOI： 10.1038/s41377-018-0066-1.

Zhu, Y. B. et al. Optical conductivity-based ultrasensitive mid-infrared biosensing on a hybrid metasurface. Light: Science & Applications, 7, 692-702 (2018). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-018-0066-1.

摘要

Abstract

Optical devices are highly attractive for biosensing as they can not only enable quantitative measurements of analytes but also provide information on molecular structures. Unfortunately, typical refractive index-based optical sensors do not have sufficient sensitivity to probe the binding of low-molecular-weight analytes. Non-optical devices such as field-effect transistors can be more sensitive but do not offer some of the significant features of optical devices, particularly molecular fingerprinting. We present optical conductivity-based mid-infrared (mid-IR) biosensors that allow for sensitive and quantitative measurements of low-molecular-weight analytes as well as the enhancement of spectral fingerprints. The sensors employ a hybrid metasurface consisting of monolayer graphene and metallic nano-antennas and combine individual advantages of plasmonic, electronic and spectroscopic approaches. First, the hybrid metasurface sensors can optically detect target molecule-induced carrier doping to graphene, allowing highly sensitive detection of low-molecular-weight analytes despite their small sizes. Second, the resonance shifts caused by changes in graphene optical conductivity is a well-defined function of graphene carrier density, thereby allowing for quantification of the binding of molecules. Third, the sensor performance is highly stable and consistent thanks to its insensitivity to graphene carrier mobility degradation. Finally, the sensors can also act as substrates for surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy. We demonstrated the measurement of monolayers of sub-nanometer-sized molecules or particles and affinity binding-based quantitative detection of glucose down to 200 pM (36 pg/mL). We also demonstrated enhanced fingerprinting of minute quantities of glucose and polymer molecules.

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