Electrically focus-tuneable ultrathin lens for high-resolution square subpixels

Sehong Park; Gilho Lee; Byeongho Park; Youngho Seo; Chae bin Park; Young Tea Chun; Chulmin Joo; Junsuk Rho; Jong Min Kim; James Hone; Seong Chan Jun

doi:10.1038/s41377-020-0329-5

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Electrically focus-tuneable ultrathin lens for high-resolution square subpixels

Original Articles

- Electrically focus-tuneable ultrathin lens for high-resolution square subpixels
- Electrically focus-tuneable ultrathin lens for high-resolution square subpixels
- LSA 2020年9卷第4期页码：1018-1030
- Affiliations：
  
  1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
  2.Electrical Engineering Division, Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 OFA, UK
  3.Department of Electronic Material Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
  4.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
  5.Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
  6.Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
  7.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, Mudd 220, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Author bio：
  
  Correspondence: Seong Chan Jun (scj@yonsei.ac.kr)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-020-0329-5
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2020，
  
  网络出版日期：2020-06-05，
  
  收稿日期：2019-11-25，
  
  修回日期：2020-04-21，
  
  录用日期：2020-05-06
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Electrically focus-tuneable ultrathin lens for high-resolution square subpixels[J]. LSA, 2020,9(4):1018-1030.

Park, S. et al. Electrically focus-tuneable ultrathin lens for high-resolution square subpixels. Light: Science & Applications, 9, 1018-1030 (2020).
Electrically focus-tuneable ultrathin lens for high-resolution square subpixels[J]. LSA, 2020,9(4):1018-1030. DOI： 10.1038/s41377-020-0329-5.

Park, S. et al. Electrically focus-tuneable ultrathin lens for high-resolution square subpixels. Light: Science & Applications, 9, 1018-1030 (2020). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-020-0329-5.

摘要

Abstract

Owing to the tremendous demands for high-resolution pixel-scale thin lenses in displays

we developed a graphene-based ultrathin square subpixel lens (USSL) capable of electrically tuneable focusing (ETF) with a performance competitive with that of a typical mechanical refractive lens. The fringe field due to a voltage bias in the graphene proves that our ETF-USSL can focus light onto a single point regardless of the wavelength of the visible light—by controlling the carriers at the Dirac point using radially patterned graphene layers

the focal length of the planar structure can be adjusted without changing the curvature or position of the lens. A high focusing efficiency of over 60% at a visible wavelength of 405 nm was achieved with a lens thickness of < 13 nm

and a change of 19.42% in the focal length with a 9% increase in transmission was exhibited under a driving voltage. This design is first presented as an ETF-USSL that can be controlled in pixel units of flat panel displays for visible light. It can be easily applied as an add-on to high resolution

slim displays and provides a new direction for the application of multifunctional autostereoscopic displays.

关键词

Keywords

references

Blum, M. et al. Compact optical design solutions using focus tunable lenses. InProceedings of SPIE 8167, Optical Design and Engineering IV(SPIE, Marseille, France, 2011).

Aieta, F. et al. Aberration-free ultrathin flat lenses and axicons at telecom wavelengths based on plasmonic metasurfaces.Nano Lett.12, 4932–4936 (2012)..

Cao, G. Y. et al. Resilient graphene ultrathin flat lens in aerospace, chemical, and biological harsh environments.ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces11, 20298–20303 (2019)..

Deng, Z. L. et al. Facile metagrating holograms with broadband and extreme angle tolerance.Light. Sci. Appl.7, 78 (2018)..

Fattal, D. et al. A multi-directional backlight for a wide-angle, glasses-free three-dimensional display.Nature495, 348–351 (2013)..

Kong, X. T. et al. Graphene-based ultrathin flat lenses.ACS Photonics2, 200–207 (2015)..

Zheng, X. R. et al. Highly efficient and ultra-broadband graphene oxide ultrathin lenses with three-dimensional subwavelength focusing.Nat. Commun.6, 8433 (2015)..

Xia, F. N. et al. Two-dimensional material nanophotonics.Nat. Photonics8, 899–907 (2014)..

Yu, N. F.&Capasso, F. Flat optics with designer metasurfaces.Nat. Mater.13, 139 (2014)..

Aničin, B. A., Babović, V. M.&Davidović, D. M. Fresnel lenses.Am. J. Phys.57, 312–316 (1989)..

Rogers, E. T. F. et al. A super-oscillatory lens optical microscope for subwavelength imaging.Nat. Mater.11, 432–435 (2012)..

Smith, H. I. A proposal for maskless, zone‐plate‐array nanolithography.J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B Microelectron. Nanometer Struct. Process. Meas. Phenom.14, 4318–4322 (1996)..

Menon, R. et al. Maskless lithography.Mater. Today8, 26–33 (2005)..

Fu, Y. Q. et al. Near-field behavior of zone-plate-like plasmonic nanostructures.J. Optical Soc. Am. A25, 238–249 (2008)..

Kim, H. C., Ko, H.&Cheng, M. S. High efficient optical focusing of a zone plate composed of metal/dielectric multilayer.Opt. Express17, 3078–3083 (2009)..

Hristov, H. D.&Herben, M. H. A. J. Millimeter-wave Fresnel-zone plate lens and antenna.IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.43, 2779–2785 (1995)..

Hristov, H. D.Fresnal Zones in Wireless Links, Zone Plate Lenses and Antennas(Artech House, Inc., Norwood, MA, 2000).

Di Fabrizio, E. et al. High-efficiency multilevel zone plates for keV X-rays.Nature401, 895–898 (1999)..

Quiney, H. M. et al. Diffractive imaging of highly focused X-ray fields.Nat. Phys.2, 101–104 (2006)..

Ju, L. et al. Graphene plasmonics for tunable terahertz metamaterials.Nat. Nanotechnol.6, 630–634 (2011)..

Rodrigo, D. et al. Double-layergraphene for enhanced tunable infrared plasmonics.Light.Sci. Appl.6, e16277 (2017)..

Zhu, S. E., Yuan, S. J.&Janssen, G. C. A. M. Optical transmittance of multilayer graphene.EPL (Europhys. Lett.)108, 17007 (2014)..

Min, H.&MacDonald, A. H. Origin of universal optical conductivity and optical stacking sequence identification in multilayer graphene.Phys. Rev. Lett.103, 067402 (2009)..

Horng, J. et al. Drude conductivity of Dirac fermions in graphene.Phys. Rev. B83, 165113 (2011)..

Wang, F. et al. Gate-variable optical transitions in graphene.Science320, 206–209 (2008)..

Fang, Y. R.&Sun, M. T. Nanoplasmonic waveguides: towards applications in integrated nanophotonic circuits.Light. Sci. Appl.4, e294 (2015)..

Bao, Q. L. et al. Broadband graphene polarizer.Nat. Photonics5, 411–415 (2011)..

Lu, H. et al. Graphene-based active slow surface plasmon polaritons.Sci. Rep.5, 8443 (2015)..

Liu, M. et al. A graphene-based broadband optical modulator.Nature474, 64–67 (2011)..

Mueller, T., Xia, F. N.&Avouris, P. Graphene photodetectors for high-speed optical communications.Nat. Photonics4, 297–301 (2010)..

Li, Z. Q. et al. Dirac charge dynamics in graphene by infrared spectroscopy.Nat. Phys.4, 532–535 (2008)..

Son, Y. W., Cohen, M. L.&Louie, S. G. Half-metallic graphene nanoribbons.Nature444, 347–349 (2006)..

Park, D. et al. Lenticular stereoscopic imaging and displaying techniques with no special glasses. InProceedings of 1995 International Conference on Image Processing(IEEE, Washington, DC, 1995).

Woodgate, G. J. et al. Flat-panel autostereoscopic displays: characterization and enhancement. InProceedings of SPIE 3957, Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems VII(SPIE, San Jose, CA, 2000).

Krasheninnikov, A. V.&Banhart, F. Engineering of nanostructured carbon materials with electron or ion beams.Nat. Mater.6, 723–733 (2007)..

Dodgson, N. A. Autostereoscopic 3D displays.Computer38, 31–36 (2005)..

Novoselov, K. S. et al. Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films.Science306, 666–669 (2004)..

Gusynin, V. P.&Sharapov, S. G. Transport of Dirac quasiparticles in graphene: hall and optical conductivities.Phys. Rev. B73, 245411 (2006)..

Stauber, T., Peres, N. M. R.&Geim, A. K. Optical conductivity of graphene in the visible region of the spectrum.Phys. Rev. B78, 085432 (2008)..

Gusynin, V. P., Sharapov, S. G.&Carbotte, J. P. Magneto-optical conductivity in graphene.J. Phys. Condens. Matter19, 026222 (2006)..

Hecht, E.Optics, 5th edn. (Pearson, 2016).

Sensale-Rodriguez, B. et al. Broadband graphene terahertz modulators enabled by intraband transitions.Nat. Commun.3, 780 (2012)..

Zhang, Y. B. et al. Origin of spatial charge inhomogeneity in graphene.Nat. Phys.5, 722–726 (2009)..

Huang, L. L. et al. Three-dimensional optical holography using a plasmonic metasurface.Nat. Commun.4, 2808 (2013)..

Assouar, B. et al. Acoustic metasurfaces.Nat. Rev. Mater.3, 460–472 (2018)..

Neshev, D.&Aharonovich, I. Optical metasurfaces: new generation building blocks for multi-functional optics.Light. Sci. Appl.7, 58 (2018)..

Avayu, O. et al. Composite functional metasurfaces for multispectral achromatic optics.Nat. Commun.8, 14992 (2017)..

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

暂无数据