Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and opto-mechanical non-reciprocity in standard polarization maintaining fibres

Gil Bashan; Hilel Hagai Diamandi; Yosef London; Kavita Sharma; Keren Shemer; Elad Zehavi; Avi Zadok

doi:10.1038/s41377-021-00557-y

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and opto-mechanical non-reciprocity in standard polarization maintaining fibres

Articles

- Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and opto-mechanical non-reciprocity in standard polarization maintaining fibres
- Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and opto-mechanical non-reciprocity in standard polarization maintaining fibres
- LSA 2021年10卷第7期页码：1275-1288
- Affiliations：
  
  Faculty of Engineering and Institute for Nano-Technology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
- Author bio：
  
  Avi Zadok (Avinoam.Zadok@biu.ac.il)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-021-00557-y
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2021-07-31，
  
  网络出版日期：2021-06-07，
  
  收稿日期：2021-02-12，
  
  修回日期：2021-04-30，
  
  录用日期：2021-05-19
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and opto-mechanical non-reciprocity in standard polarization maintaining fibres[J]. LSA, 2021,10(7):1275-1288.

Bashan, G. et al. Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and optomechanical non-reciprocity in standard polarization maintaining fibres. Light: Science & Applications, 10, 1275-1288 (2021).
Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and opto-mechanical non-reciprocity in standard polarization maintaining fibres[J]. LSA, 2021,10(7):1275-1288. DOI： 10.1038/s41377-021-00557-y.

Bashan, G. et al. Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering and optomechanical non-reciprocity in standard polarization maintaining fibres. Light: Science & Applications, 10, 1275-1288 (2021). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-021-00557-y.

摘要

Abstract

Opto-mechanical interactions in guided wave media are drawing great interest in fundamental research and applications. Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering

in particular

is widely investigated in optical fibres and photonic integrated circuits. In this work

we report a comprehensive study of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering over standard

panda-type polarization maintaining fibres. We distinguish between intra-polarization scattering

in which two pump tones are co-polarized along one principal axis

and inter-polarization processes driven by orthogonally polarized pump waves. Both processes are quantified in analysis

calculations and experiment. Inter-modal scattering

in particular

introduces cross-polarization switching of probe waves that is non-reciprocal. Switching takes place in multiple wavelength windows. The results provide a first demonstration of opto-mechanical non-reciprocity of forward scatter in standard fibre. The inter-polarization process is applicable to distributed sensors of media outside the cladding and coating boundaries

where light cannot reach. The process may be scaled towards forward Brillouin lasers

optical isolators and circulators and narrowband microwave-photonic filters over longer sections of off-the-shelf polarization maintaining fibres.

关键词

Keywords

references

Chiao, R. Y., Townes, C. H.&Stoicheff, B. P. Stimulated Brillouin scattering and coherent generation of intense hypersonic waves.Phys. Rev. Lett.12, 592–595 (1964)..

Ippen, E. P.&Stolen, R. H. Stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers.Appl. Phys. Lett.21, 539–541 (1972)..

Stokes, L. F., Chodorow, M.&Shaw, H. J. All-fiber stimulated Brillouin ring laser with submilliwatt pump threshold.Opt. Lett.7, 509–511 (1982)..

Smith, S. P., Zarinetchi, F.&Ezekiel, S. Narrow-linewidth stimulated Brillouin fiber laser and applications.Opt. Lett.16, 393–395 (1991)..

Cowle, G. J.&Stepanov, D. Y. Multiple wavelength generation with Brillouin/erbium fiber lasers.IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.8, 1465–1467 (1996)..

Grudinin, I. S. et al. Phonon laser action in a tunable two-level system.Phys. Rev. Lett.104, 083901 (2010)..

Tomes, M.&Carmon, T. Photonic micro-electromechanical systems vibrating at X-band (11-GHz) rates.Phys. Rev. Lett.102, 113601 (2009)..

Yao, X. S. Brillouin selective sideband amplification of microwave photonic signals.IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.10, 138–140 (1998)..

Loayssa, A.&Lahoz, F. J. Broad-band RF photonic phase shifter based on stimulated Brillouin scattering and single-sideband modulation.IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.18, 208–210 (2006)..

Song, K. Y., González Herráez, M.&Thévenaz, L. Observation of pulse delaying and advancement in optical fibers using stimulated Brillouin scattering.Opt. Express13, 82–88 (2005)..

Li, J., Lee, H.&Vahala, K. J. Microwave synthesizer using an on-chip Brillouin oscillator.Nat. Commun.4, 2097 (2013). ‏..

Horiguchi, T., Kurashima, T.&Tateda, M. A technique to measure distributed strain in optical fibers.IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.2, 352–354 (1990)..

Niklès, M., Thévenaz, L.&Robert, P. A. Simple distributed fiber sensor based on Brillouin gain spectrum analysis.Opt. Lett.21, 758–760 (1996)..

Hotate, K.&Hasegawa, T. Measurement of Brillouin gain spectrum distribution along an optical fiber using a correlation-based technique-proposal, experiment and simulation.IEICE Trans. Electron.84, 405–412 (2001)..

Shelby, R. M., Levenson, M. D.&Bayer, P. W. Guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering.Phys. Rev. B31, 5244–5252 (1985)..

Gundavarapu, S. et al. Sub-hertz fundamental linewidth photonic integrated Brillouin laser.Nat. Photonics13, 60–67 (2019)..

Bao, X. Y.&Chen, L. Recent progress in distributed fiber optic sensors.Sensors12, 8601–8639 (2012)..

Sagues, M., Loayssa, A.&Capmany, J. Multitap complex-coefficient incoherent microwave photonic filters based on stimulated Brillouin scattering.IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett.19, 1194–1196 (2007)..

Stern, Y. et al. Tunable sharp and highly selective microwave-photonic band-pass filters based on stimulated Brillouin scattering.Photonics Res.2, B18–B25 (2014)..

Choudhary, A. et al. Tailoring of the Brillouin gain for on-chip widely tunable and reconfigurable broadband microwave photonic filters.Opt. Lett.41, 436–439 (2016)..

Marpaung, D., Yao, J. P.&Capmany, J. Integrated microwave photonics.Nat. Photonics13, 80–90 (2019)..

Antman, Y. et al. Optomechanical sensing of liquids outside standard fibers using forward stimulated Brillouin scattering.Optica3, 510–516 (2016)..

Chow, D. M. et al. Distributed forward Brillouin sensor based on local light phase recovery.Nat. Commun.9, 2990 (2018)..

Bashan, G. et al. Optomechanical time-domain reflectometry.Nat. Commun.9, 2991 (2018)..

Pang, C. et al. Opto-mechanical time-domain analysis based on coherent forward stimulated Brillouin scattering probing.Optica7, 176–184 (2020)..

Biryukov, A. S., Sukharev, M. E.&Dianov, E. M. Excitation of sound waves upon propagation of laser pulses in optical fibres.Quantum Electron.32, 765–775 (2002)..

Russell, P. S. J., Culverhouse, D.&Farahi, F. Experimental observation of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering in dual-mode single-core fibre.Electron. Lett.26, 1195–1196 (1990)..

Sohn, D. B., Kim, S.&Bahl, G. Time-reversal symmetry breaking with acoustic pumping of nanophotonic circuits.Nat. Photonics12, 91–97 (2018)..

Otterstrom, N. T. et al. A silicon Brillouin laser.Science360, 1113–1116 (2018)..

Otterstrom, N. T. et al. Resonantly enhanced nonreciprocal silicon Brillouin amplifier.Optica6, 1117–1123 (2019)..

Gertler, S. et al. Tunable microwave-photonic filtering with high out-of-band rejection in silicon.APL Photonics5, 096103 (2020)..

Otterstrom, N. T. et al. Backscatter-immune injection-locked Brillouin laser in silicon.Phys. Rev. Appl.14, 044042 (2020)..

Kittlaus, E. A. et al. Electrically driven acousto-optics and broadband non-reciprocity in silicon photonics.Nat. Photonics15, 43–52 (2021)..

Bashan, G. et al. Distributed cladding mode fiber-optic sensor.Optica7, 85–92 (2020)..

Stolen, R. Polarization effects in fiber Raman and Brillouin lasers.IEEE J. Quantum Electron.15, 1157–1160 (1979)..

Zadok, A. et al. Vector analysis of stimulated Brillouin scattering amplification in standard single-mode fibers.Opt. Express16, 21692–21707 (2008)..

Qiu, W. J. et al. Stimulated Brillouin scattering in nanoscale silicon step-index waveguides: a general framework of selection rules and calculating SBS gain.Opt. Express21, 31402–31419 (2013)..

Kang, M. S., Brenn, A.&Russell, P. S. J. All-optical control of gigahertz acoustic resonances by forward stimulated interpolarization scattering in a photonic crystal fiber.Phys. Rev. Lett.105, 153901 (2010)..

Butsch, A. et al. CW-pumped single-pass frequency comb generation by resonant optomechanical nonlinearity in dual-nanoweb fiber.Optica1, 158–164 (2014)..

Pang, M. et al. All-optical bit storage in a fibre laser by optomechanically bound states of solitons.Nat. Photonics10, 454–458 (2016)..

Koehler, J. R. et al. Resolving the mystery of milliwatt-threshold opto-mechanical self-oscillation in dual-nanoweb fiber.APL Photonics1, 056101 (2016)..

Song, K. Y. et al. All-optical dynamic grating generation based on Brillouin scattering in polarization-maintaining fiber.Opt. Lett.33, 926–928 (2008)..

Zou, W. W. et al. Correlation-based distributed measurement of a dynamic grating spectrum generated in stimulated Brillouin scattering in a polarization-maintaining optical fiber.Opt. Lett.34, 1126–1128 (2009)..

Sancho, J. et al. Tunable and reconfigurable multi-tap microwave photonic filter based on dynamic Brillouin gratings in fibers.Opt. Express20, 6157–6162 (2012)..

Santagiustina, M. et al. All-optical signal processing using dynamic Brillouin gratings.Sci. Rep.3, 1594 (2013)..

Kim, Y. H.&Song, K. Y. Mapping of intermodal beat length distribution in an elliptical-core two-mode fiber based on Brillouin dynamic grating.Opt. Express22, 17292–17302 (2014)..

Bergman, A.&Tur, M. Brillouin dynamic gratings — a practical form of Brillouin enhanced four wave mixing in waveguides: the first decade and beyond.Sensors18, 2863 (2018)..

Nishizawa, N. et al. Symmetric and asymmetric fiber loop mirrors for observing guided-acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering in polarization-maintaining fibers.Opt. Lett.19, 1424–1426 (1994)..

Nishizawa, N. et al. Experimental analysis of guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering in PANDA fibers.J. Optical Soc. Am. B12, 1651–1655 (1995)..

Nishizawa, N. et al. Characteristics of guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering in polarization maintaining fibers.Optical Rev.3, 29–33 (1996)..

Guan, R. F. et al. Stress birefringence analysis of polarization maintaining optical fibers.Optical Fiber Technol.11, 240–254 (2005)..

Kang, M. S. et al. Tightly trapped acoustic phonons in photonic crystal fibres as highly nonlinear artificial Raman oscillators.Nat. Phys.5, 276–280 (2009)..

Wang, J. et al. FSBS resonances observed in a standard highly nonlinear fiber.Opt. Express19, 5339–5349 (2011)..

Wolff, C. et al. Cascaded forward Brillouin scattering to all Stokes orders.N. J. Phys.19, 023021 (2017)..

London, Y. et al. Invited article: distributed analysis of nonlinear wave mixing in fiber due to forward Brillouin scattering and Kerr effects.APL Photonics3, 110804 (2018)..

Butsch, A. et al. Optomechanical nonlinearity in dual-nanoweb structure suspended inside capillary fiber.Phys. Rev. Lett.109, 183904 (2012)..

Diamandi, H. H., London, Y.&Zadok, A. Opto-mechanical inter-core cross-talk in multi-core fibers.Optica4, 289–297 (2017)..

London, Y., Diamandi, H. H.&Zadok, A. Electro-opto-mechanical radio-frequency oscillator driven by guided acoustic waves in standard single-mode fiber.APL Photonics2, 041303 (2017)..

Zarifi, A. et al. Highly localized distributed Brillouin scattering response in a photonic integrated circuit.APL Photonics3, 036101 (2018)..

Diamandi, H. H. et al. Opto-mechanical interactions in multi-core optical fibers and their applications.IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.26, 2600113 (2020)..

Jaouën, Y.&du Mouza, L. Transverse Brillouin effect produced by electrostriction in optical fibers and its impact on soliton transmission systems.Optical Fiber Technol.7, 141–169 (2001)..

Chow, D. M.&Thévenaz, L. Forward Brillouin scattering acoustic impedance sensor using thin polyimide-coated fiber.Opt. Lett.43, 5467–5470 (2018)..

Diamandi, H. H. et al. Distributed opto-mechanical analysis of liquids outside standard fibers coated with polyimide.APL Photonics4, 016105 (2019)..

Poulton, C. G. et al. Design for broadband on-chip isolator using stimulated Brillouin scattering in dispersion-engineered chalcogenide waveguides.Opt. Express20, 21235–21246 (2012)..

Zhang, D. W. et al. Nonreciprocal phase shift caused by magnetic-thermal coupling of a polarization maintaining fiber optic gyroscope.Opt. Lett.39, 1382–1385 (2014)..

Zhang, Y. H., Zhang, Y. G.&Gao, Z. X. Thermal-induced phase-shift error of a fiber-optic gyroscope due to fiber tail length asymmetry.Appl. Opt.56, 273–277 (2017)..

Diamandi, H. H. et al. Forward stimulated Brillouin scattering analysis of optical fibers coating.J. Lightwave Technol.39, 1800–1807 (2021)..

Auld, B. A.Acoustic Fields and Waves in Solids(Wiley, 1973).

Engan, H. E. et al. Propagation and optical interaction of guided acoustic waves in two-mode optical fibers.J. Lightwave Technol.6, 428–436 (1988)..

Hopf, B. et al. A three-dimensional-FEM model with experimentally determined material parameters of an FBG sensor element in a panda-type fiber.J. Lightwave Technol.36, 1076–1083 (2018)..

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

暂无数据