Divergence-degenerate spatial multiplexing towards future ultrahigh capacity, low error-rate optical communications

Zhensong Wan; Yijie Shen; Zhaoyang Wang; Zijian Shi; Qiang Liu; Xing Fu

doi:10.1038/s41377-022-00834-4

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Divergence-degenerate spatial multiplexing towards future ultrahigh capacity, low error-rate optical communications

Articles

- Divergence-degenerate spatial multiplexing towards future ultrahigh capacity, low error-rate optical communications
- Divergence-degenerate spatial multiplexing towards future ultrahigh capacity, low error-rate optical communications
- LSA 2022年11卷第6期页码：1253-1263
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, 100084, Beijing, China
  2.State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
  3.Optoelectronics Research center, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Author bio：
  
  Qiang Liu (qiangliu@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn)
  Xing Fu (fuxing@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-022-00834-4
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2022-06-30，
  
  网络出版日期：2022-05-19，
  
  收稿日期：2022-03-16，
  
  修回日期：2022-04-28，
  
  录用日期：2022-04-29
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Divergence-degenerate spatial multiplexing towards future ultrahigh capacity, low error-rate optical communications[J]. LSA, 2022,11(6):1253-1263.

Wan, Z. S. et al. Divergence-degenerate spatial multiplexing towards future ultrahigh capacity, low error-rate optical communications. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 1253-1263 (2022).
Divergence-degenerate spatial multiplexing towards future ultrahigh capacity, low error-rate optical communications[J]. LSA, 2022,11(6):1253-1263. DOI： 10.1038/s41377-022-00834-4.

Wan, Z. S. et al. Divergence-degenerate spatial multiplexing towards future ultrahigh capacity, low error-rate optical communications. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 1253-1263 (2022). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-022-00834-4.

摘要

Abstract

Spatial mode (de)multiplexing of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams is a promising solution to address future bandwidth issues

but the rapidly increasing divergence with the mode order severely limits the practically addressable number of OAM modes. Here we present a set of multi-vortex geometric beams (MVGBs) as high-dimensional information carriers for free-space optical communication

by virtue of three independent degrees of freedom (DoFs) including central OAM

sub-beam OAM

and coherent-state phase. The novel modal basis set has high divergence degeneracy

and highly consistent propagation behaviors among all spatial modes

capable of increasing the addressable spatial channels by two orders of magnitude than OAM basis as predicted. We experimentally realize the tri-DoF MVGB mode (de)multiplexing and data transmission by the conjugated modulation method

demonstrating lower error rates caused by center offset and coherent background noise

compared with OAM basis. Our work provides a potentially useful basis for the next generation of large-scale dense data communication.

关键词

Keywords

references

Kaminow, I. P. et al. A wideband all-optical WDM network.IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun.14, 780–799 (1996)..

Hung, W. et al. An optical network unit for WDM access networks with downstream DPSK and upstream re-modulated OOK data using injection-locked FP laser. In:OFC 2003 Optical Fiber Communications Conference, 2003. 281–282 (IEEE, 2003)..

Chow, C. W., Wong,C. S.&Tsang, H. K. Optical packet labeling based on simultaneous polarization shift keying and amplitude shift keying.Opt. Lett.29, 1861–1863 (2004)..

Mukherjee, B.Optical WDM Networks(Springer, 2006).

Willner, A. E. et al. Orbital angular momentum of light for communications.Appl. Phys. Rev.8, 041312 (2021)..

Trichili, A. et al. Communicating using spatial mode multiplexing: potentials, challenges, and perspectives.IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor.21, 3175–3203 (2019)..

Bozinovic, N. et al. Terabit-scale orbital angular momentum mode division multiplexing in fibers.Science340, 1545–1548 (2013)..

Shen, Y. J. et al. Optical vortices 30 years on: OAM manipulation from topological charge to multiple singularities.Light. : Sci. Appl.8, 90 (2019)..

Wang, J. Advances in communications using optical vortices.Photonics Res.4, B14–B28 (2016)..

Allen, L. et al. Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes.Phys. Rev. A45, 8185–8189 (1992)..

Fickler, R. et al. Quantum entanglement of high angular momenta.Science338, 640–643 (2012)..

Fang, X. Y. et al. High-dimensional orbital angular momentum multiplexing nonlinear holography.Adv. Photonics3, 015001 (2021)..

Chen, J. et al. Engineering photonic angular momentum with structured light: a review.Adv. Photonics3, 064001 (2021)..

Fang, X. Y., Ren, H. R.&Gu, M. Orbital angular momentum holography for high-security encryption.Nat. Photonics14, 102–108 (2020)..

Willner, A. E. et al. Perspectives on advances in high-capacity, free-space communications using multiplexing of orbital-angular-momentum beams.APL Photonics6, 030901 (2021)..

Mair, A. et al. Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons.Nature412, 313–316 (2001)..

Erhard, M. et al. Twisted photons: new quantum perspectives in high dimensions.Light. : Sci. Appl.7, 17146 (2018)..

Erhard, M., Krenn, M.&Zeilinger, A. Advances in high-dimensional quantum entanglement.Nat. Rev. Phys.2, 365–381 (2020)..

Zhao, N. B. et al. Capacity limits of spatially multiplexed free-space communication.Nat. Photonics9, 822–826 (2015)..

Wang, J. et al. N-dimentional multiplexing link with 1.036-Pbit/s transmission capacity and 112.6-bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency using OFDM-8QAM signals over 368 WDM pol-muxed 26 OAM modes. In:2014 The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC), 1–3 (IEEE, 2014).

Wang, J. et al. Ultra-high 435-bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency using N-dimentional multiplexing and modulation link with pol-muxed 52 orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes carrying Nyquist 32-QAM signals. In:2015 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC), 1–3 (IEEE, 2015).

Willner, A. E. et al. inElectromagnetic Vortices(eds. Jiang, Z. H.&Werner, D. H. ) Ch. 12, 357–400 (John Wiley Sons, Ltd, 2021).

Lei, T. et al. Massive individual orbital angular momentum channels for multiplexing enabled by Dammann gratings.Light. : Sci. Appl.4, e257 (2015)..

Wang, J. et al. Terabit free-space data transmission employing orbital angular momentum multiplexing.Nat. Photonics6, 488–496 (2012)..

Krenn, M. et al. Communication with spatially modulated light through turbulent air across Vienna.N. J. Phys.16, 113028 (2014)..

Wang, Z. X., Zhang, N.&Yuan, X. C. High-volume optical vortex multiplexing and de-multiplexing for free-space optical communication.Opt. Express19, 482–492 (2011)..

Krenn, M. et al. Twisted light transmission over 143km.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA113, 13648–13653 (2016)..

Ren, Y. X. et al. Experimental characterization of a 400 Gbit/s orbital angular momentum multiplexed free-space optical link over 120 m.Opt. Lett.41, 622–625 (2016)..

Huang, H. et al. 100 Tbit/s free-space data link enabled by three-dimensional multiplexing of orbital angular momentum, polarization, and wavelength.Opt. Lett.39, 197–200 (2014)..

Li, L. et al. Power loss mitigation of orbital-angular-momentum-multiplexed free-space optical links using nonzero radial index Laguerre–Gaussian beams.J. Optical Soc. Am. B34, 1–6 (2017)..

Guo, Z. Y. et al. The orbital angular momentum encoding system with radial indices of Laguerre–Gaussian beam.IEEE Photonics J.10, 7906511 (2018)..

Pang, K. et al. 400-Gbit/s QPSK free-space optical communication link based on four-fold multiplexing of Hermite–Gaussian or Laguerre–Gaussian modes by varying both modal indices.Opt. Lett.43, 3889–3892 (2018)..

Xie, G. D. et al. Experimental demonstration of a 200-Gbit/s free-space optical link by multiplexing Laguerre–Gaussian beams with different radial indices.Opt. Lett.41, 3447–3450 (2016)..

Bužek, V.&Quang, T. Generalized coherent state for bosonic realization of SU(2)Lie algebra.J. Optical Soc. Am. B6, 2447–2449 (1989)..

Wodkiewicz, K.&Eberly, J. H. Coherent states, squeezed fluctuations, and theSU(2) amSU(1, 1) groups in quantum-optics applications.J. Optical Soc. Am. B2, 458–466 (1985)..

Shen, Y. J. et al. Periodic-trajectory-controlled, coherent-state-phase-switched, and wavelength-tunable SU(2) geometric modes in a frequency-degenerate resonator.Appl. Opt.57, 9543–9549 (2018)..

Shen, Y. J. et al. Polygonal vortex beams.IEEE Photonics J.10, 1503016 (2018)..

Shen, Y. J., Fu, X.&Gong, M. L. Truncated triangular diffraction lattices and orbital-angular-momentum detection of vortex SU(2) geometric modes.Opt. Express26, 25545–25557 (2018)..

Shen, Y. J. Rays, waves, SU(2) symmetry and geometry: toolkits for structured light.J. Opt.23, 124004 (2021)..

Shen, Y. J. et al. SU(2) poincaré sphere: a generalized representation for multidimensional structured light.Phys. Rev. A102, 031501 (2020)..

Chen, Y. F. et al. Devil's staircase in three-dimensional coherent waves localized on lissajous parametric surfaces.Phys. Rev. Lett.96, 213902 (2006)..

Lu, T. H. et al. Three-dimensional coherent optical waves localized on trochoidal parametric surfaces.Phys. Rev. Lett.101, 233901 (2008)..

Chen, Y. F. et al. Spatial transformation of coherent optical waves with orbital morphologies.Phys. Rev. A82, 043801 (2010)..

Wan, Z. S. et al. Digitally tailoring arbitrary structured light of generalized ray-wave duality.Opt. Express28, 31043–31056 (2020)..

Forbes, A.Laser Beam Propagation: Generation and Propagation of Customized Light(CRC Press, 2014).

Siegman, A. E. New developments in laser resonators. In:Proc. 1224 SPIE, Optical Resonators2-14 (SPIE, 1990).

Willner, A. E. et al. Design challenges and guidelines for free-space optical communication links using orbital-angular-momentum multiplexing of multiple beams.J. Opt.18, 074014 (2016)..

Zhang, N. et al. Analysis of multilevel spiral phase plates using a Dammann vortex sensing grating.Opt. Express18, 25987–25992 (2010)..

Noguchi, Y. et al. Efficient measurement of the orbital-angular-momentum spectrum of an electron beam via a Dammann vortex grating.Phys. Rev. Appl.12, 064062 (2019)..

Gu, X. M. et al. Gouy phase radial mode sorter for light: concepts and experiments.Phys. Rev. Lett.120, 103601 (2018)..

Berkhout, G. C. G. et al. Efficient sorting of orbital angular momentum states of light.Phys. Rev. Lett.105, 153601 (2010)..

Mirhosseini, M. et al. Efficient separation of the orbital angular momentum eigenstates of light.Nat. Commun.4, 2781 (2013)..

Leach, J. et al. Measuring the orbital angular momentum of a single photon.Phys. Rev. Lett.88, 257901 (2002)..

Leach, J. et al. Interferometric methods to measure orbital and spin, or the total angular momentum of a single photon.Phys. Rev. Lett.92, 013601 (2004)..

Hickmann, J. M. et al. Unveiling a truncated optical lattice associated with a triangular aperture using light's orbital angular momentum.Phys. Rev. Lett.105, 053904 (2010)..

Liu, Z. W. et al. Superhigh-resolution recognition of optical vortex modes assisted by a deep-learning method.Phys. Rev. Lett.123, 183902 (2019)..

Scholes, S. et al. Structured light with digital micromirror devices: a guide to best practice.Optical Eng.59, 041202 (2019)..

Cox, M. A. et al. A high-speed, wavelength invariant, single-pixel wavefront sensor with a digital micromirror device.IEEE Access7, 85860–85866 (2019)..

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

Light | 20重信息折叠：“超自由度”结构光突破通信限制

暂无数据