Metamaterial-enabled arbitrary on-chip spatial mode manipulation

Jinlong Xiang; Zhiyuan Tao; Xingfeng Li; Yaotian Zhao; Yu He; Xuhan Guo; Yikai Su

doi:10.1038/s41377-022-00859-9

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Metamaterial-enabled arbitrary on-chip spatial mode manipulation

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- Metamaterial-enabled arbitrary on-chip spatial mode manipulation
- Metamaterial-enabled arbitrary on-chip spatial mode manipulation
- Light: Science & Applications 2022年11卷第7期页码：1482-1492
- Affiliations：
  
  1.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Author bio：
  
  Xuhan Guo (guoxuhan@sjtu.edu.cn)
  Yikai Su (yikaisu@sjtu.edu.cn)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-022-00859-9
  中图分类号：
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Jinlong Xiang, Zhiyuan Tao, Xingfeng Li, 等. Metamaterial-enabled arbitrary on-chip spatial mode manipulation[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2022,11(7):1482-1492.

Xiang, J. L. et al. Metamaterial-enabled arbitrary on-chip spatial mode manipulation. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 1482-1492 (2022).
Jinlong Xiang, Zhiyuan Tao, Xingfeng Li, 等. Metamaterial-enabled arbitrary on-chip spatial mode manipulation[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2022,11(7):1482-1492. DOI： 10.1038/s41377-022-00859-9.

Xiang, J. L. et al. Metamaterial-enabled arbitrary on-chip spatial mode manipulation. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 1482-1492 (2022). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-022-00859-9.

摘要

Abstract

On-chip spatial mode operation, represented as mode-division multiplexing (MDM), can support high-capacity data communications and promise superior performance in various systems and numerous applications from optical sensing to nonlinear and quantum optics. However, the scalability of state-of-the-art mode manipulation techniques is significantly hindered not only by the particular mode-order-oriented design strategy but also by the inherent limitations of possibly achievable mode orders. Recently, metamaterials capable of providing subwavelength-scale control of optical wavefronts have emerged as an attractive alternative to manipulate guided modes with compact footprints and broadband functionalities. Herein, we propose a universal yet efficient design framework based on the topological metamaterial building block (BB), enabling the excitation of arbitrary high-order spatial modes in silicon waveguides. By simply programming the layout of multiple fully etched dielectric metamaterial perturbations with predefined mathematical formulas, arbitrary high-order mode conversion and mode exchange can be simultaneously realized with uniform and competitive performance. The extraordinary scalability of the metamaterial BB frame is experimentally benchmarked by a record high-order mode operator up to the twentieth. As a proof of conceptual application, an 8-mode MDM data transmission of 28-GBaud 16-QAM optical signals is also verified with an aggregate data rate of 813 Gb/s (7% FEC). This user-friendly metamaterial BB concept marks a quintessential breakthrough for comprehensive manipulation of spatial light on-chip by breaking the long-standing shackles on the scalability, which may open up fascinating opportunities for complex photonic functionalities previously inaccessible.

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