Progress on deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals for high power laser system application

Mingxia Xu; Baoan Liu; Lisong Zhang; Hongkai Ren; Qingtian Gu; Xun Sun; Shenglai Wang; Xinguang Xu

doi:10.1038/s41377-022-00929-y

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Progress on deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals for high power laser system application

Reviews

- Progress on deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals for high power laser system application
- Progress on deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals for high power laser system application
- Light: Science & Applications 2022年11卷第9期页码：1979-1993
- Affiliations：
  
  1.State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
- Author bio：
  
  Xun Sun (sunxun@sdu.edu.cn)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-022-00929-y
  中图分类号：
Scan for full text
Mingxia Xu, Baoan Liu, Lisong Zhang, 等. Progress on deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals for high power laser system application[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2022,11(9):1979-1993.

Xu, M. X. et al. Progress on deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals for high power laser system application. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 1979-1993 (2022).
Mingxia Xu, Baoan Liu, Lisong Zhang, 等. Progress on deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals for high power laser system application[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 2022,11(9):1979-1993. DOI： 10.1038/s41377-022-00929-y.

Xu, M. X. et al. Progress on deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals for high power laser system application. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 1979-1993 (2022). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-022-00929-y.

摘要

Abstract

In this review, we introduce the progress in the growth of large-aperture DKDP crystals and some aspects of crystal quality including determination of deuterium content, homogeneity of deuterium distribution, residual strains, nonlinear absorption, and laser-induced damage resistance for its application in high power laser system. Large-aperture high-quality DKDP crystal with deuteration level of 70% has been successfully grown by the traditional method, which can fabricate the large single-crystal optics with the size exceeding 400 mm. Neutron diffraction technique is an efficient method to research the deuterium content and 3D residual strains in single crystals. More efforts have been paid in the processes of purity of raw materials, continuous filtration technology, thermal annealing and laser conditioning for increasing the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) and these processes enable the currently grown crystals to meet the specifications of the laser system for inertial confinement fusion (ICF), although the laser damage mechanism and laser conditioning mechanism are still not well understood. The advancements on growth of large-aperture high-quality DKDP crystal would support the development of ICF in China.

关键词

Keywords

references

D. Clery . Laser-powered fusion effort nears 'ignition' . Science , 2021 . 373 841 DOI:10.1126/science.373.6557.841http://doi.org/10.1126/science.373.6557.841 .

N. Zaitseva , L. Carman . Rapid growth of KDP-type crystals . Prog. Cryst. Growth Charact. Mater. , 2001 . 43 1 -118 . DOI:10.1016/S0960-8974(01)00004-3http://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8974(01)00004-3 .

Hawley-Fedder, R. et al. NIF Pockels cell and frequency conversion crystals. In Proceedings of SPIE 5341, Optical Engineering at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory II: The National Ignition Facility 121–126 (San Jose: SPIE, 2004).

J. J. De Yoreo , A. K. Burnham , P. K. Whitman . Developing KH2PO4 and KD2PO4 crystals for the world's most power laser . Int. Mater. Rev. , 2002 . 47 113 -152 . DOI:10.1179/095066001225001085http://doi.org/10.1179/095066001225001085 .

P. A. Baisden , 等 . Large optics for the national ignition facility . Fusion Sci. Technol. , 2016 . 69 295 -351 . DOI:10.13182/FST15-143http://doi.org/10.13182/FST15-143 .

C. Maunier , 等 . Growth and characterization of large KDP crystals for high power lasers . Optical Mater. , 2007 . 30 88 -90 . DOI:10.1016/j.optmat.2006.11.019http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2006.11.019 .

Barker, C. E. et al. Transverse stimulated Raman scattering in KDP. In Proceedings of SPIE 2633, Solid State Lasers for Application to Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) 501–505 (Monterey: SPIE, 1995).

S. G. Demos , 等 . Measurement of the Raman scattering cross section of the breathing mode in KDP and DKDP crystals . Opt. Express , 2011 . 19 21050 -21059 . DOI:10.1364/OE.19.021050http://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.021050 .

B. C. Stuart , 等 . Laser-induced damage in dielectrics with nanosecond to subpicosecond pulses . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 1995 . 74 2248 -2251 . DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2248http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.2248 .

Natoli, J. Y. et al. Influence of laser beam size and wavelength in the determination of LIDT and associated laser damage precursor densities in KH2PO4. Proceedings of SPIE 6720, Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2007. Boulder: SPIE, 2007, 672016

P. DeMange , 等 . Multiwavelength investigation of laser-damage performance in potassium dihydrogen phosphate after laser annealing . Opt. Lett. , 2005 . 30 221 -223 . DOI:10.1364/OL.30.000221http://doi.org/10.1364/OL.30.000221 .

C. W. Carr , H. B. Radousky , S. G. Demos . Wavelength dependence of laser-induced damage: determining the damage initiation mechanisms . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2003 . 91 127402 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.127402http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.127402 .

A. A. Manenkov , A. M. Prokhorov . Laser-induced damage in solids . Sov. Phys. Uspekhi , 1986 . 29 104 -122 . DOI:10.1070/PU1986v029n01ABEH003117http://doi.org/10.1070/PU1986v029n01ABEH003117 .

Wood, R. M. Laser-induced damage of optical materials. (Bristol: Institute of Physics, 2003).

M. F. Koldunov , A. A. Manenkov , I. L. Pokotilo . Efficiency of various mechanisms of the laser damage in transparent solids . Quantum Electron. , 2002 . 32 623 -628 . DOI:10.1070/QE2002v032n07ABEH002258http://doi.org/10.1070/QE2002v032n07ABEH002258 .

S. G. Demos , 等 . Investigation of the electronic and physical properties of defect structures responsible for laser-induced damage in DKDP crystals . Opt. Express , 2010 . 18 13788 -13804 . DOI:10.1364/OE.18.013788http://doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.013788 .

S. G. Demos , 等 . Imaging of laser-induced reactions of individual defect nanoclusters . Opt. Lett. , 2001 . 26 1975 -1977 . DOI:10.1364/OL.26.001975http://doi.org/10.1364/OL.26.001975 .

Z. K. Lu , 等 . Growth of large KDP crystals by solution circulating method . J. Synth. Cryst. , 1996 . 25 19 -22. .

N. P. Zaitseva , L. N. Rashkovich , S. V. Bogatyreva . Stability of KH2PO4 and K (H, D) 2PO4 solutions at fast crystal growth rates . J. Cryst. Growth , 1995 . 148 276 -282 . DOI:10.1016/0022-0248(94)00606-7http://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(94)00606-7 .

S. T. Sun , 等 . Effects of raw material on the growth habit and optical properties of DKDP crystal . J. Synth. Cryst. , 2009 . 38 539 -543. .

S. T. Sun , 等 . Effects of growth method on the growth habit and optical property of DKDP crystals . J. Chin. Ceram. Soc. , 2009 . 37 1914 -1918. .

S. T. Sun , 等 . Study on the growth habit and optical property of DKDP crystal grown by different seed . J. Funct. Mater. , 2009 . 40 1955 -1957. .

M. X. Xu , 等 . Effect of deuterium content on the optical properties of DKDP crystals . Cryst. Res. Technol. , 2018 . 53 1700298 DOI:10.1002/crat.201700298http://doi.org/10.1002/crat.201700298 .

M. Nakatsuka , 等 . Rapid growth over 50 mm/day of water-soluble KDP crystal . J. Cryst. Growth , 1997 . 171 531 -537 . DOI:10.1016/S0022-0248(96)00675-6http://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(96)00675-6 .

N. P. Zaitseva , 等 . Rapid growth of large-scale (40-55 cm) KH2PO4 crystals . J. Cryst. Growth , 1997 . 180 255 -262 . DOI:10.1016/S0022-0248(97)00223-6http://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(97)00223-6 .

Hawley-Fedder, R. et al. Rapid growth of very large KDP and KD*P crystals in support of the national ignition facility. In Proceedings of SPIE 4102, Inorganic Optical Materials II 152–161 (San Diego: SPIE, 2000).

X. X. Zhuang , 等 . The rapid growth of large-scale KDP single crystal in brief procedure . J. Cryst. Growth , 2011 . 318 700 -702 . DOI:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.11.019http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.11.019 .

G. H. Li , 等 . Rapid growth of a large-scale (600 mm aperture) KDP crystal and its optical quality . High. Power Laser Sci. Eng. , 2014 . 2 e2 DOI:10.1017/hpl.2014.3http://doi.org/10.1017/hpl.2014.3 .

L. Y. Zhang , 等 . Research progress of oversized KDP/DKDP . Cryst. J. Synth. Cryst. , 2021 . 50 724-731. .

N. Zaitseva , 等 . Design and benefits of continuous filtration in rapid growth of large KDP and DKDP crystals . J. Cryst. Growth , 1999 . 197 911 -920 . DOI:10.1016/S0022-0248(98)01095-1http://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(98)01095-1 .

L. S. Zhang , 等 . Study on rapid growth of 98% deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals . J. Cryst. Growth , 2014 . 401 190 -194 . DOI:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2013.10.035http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2013.10.035 .

L. S. Zhang , 等 . Rapid growth of a large size, highly deuterated DKDP crystal and its efficient noncritical phase matching fourth-harmonic-generation of a Nd: YAG laser . RSC Adv. , 2015 . 5 74858 -74863 . DOI:10.1039/C5RA14772Ghttp://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA14772G .

X. M. Cai , 等 . Rapid growth and properties of large-aperture 98%-deuterated DKDP crystals . High. Power Laser Sci. Eng. , 2019 . 7 e46 DOI:10.1017/hpl.2019.24http://doi.org/10.1017/hpl.2019.24 .

D. Y. Chen , 等 . Investigation of the pyramid-prism boundary of a rapidly grown KDP crystal . CrystEngComm , 2019 . 21 1482-1487 . DOI:10.1039/C8CE02018Chttp://doi.org/10.1039/C8CE02018C .

L. Y. Xu , 等 . A study on nonlinear absorption uniformity in a KDP crystal at 532 nm . CrystEngComm , 2020 . 22 5338 -5344 . DOI:10.1039/D0CE00811Ghttp://doi.org/10.1039/D0CE00811G .

S. H. Ji , 等 . Homogeneity of rapid grown DKDP crystal . Opt. Mater. Exp. , 2014 . 4 997 -1002 . DOI:10.1364/OME.4.000997http://doi.org/10.1364/OME.4.000997 .

X. X. Chai , 等 . Deuterium homogeneity investigation of large-size DKDP crystal . Opt. Mater. Exp. , 2018 . 8 1193 -1201 . DOI:10.1364/OME.8.001193http://doi.org/10.1364/OME.8.001193 .

X. X. Chai , 等 . Research on the growth interfaces of pyramidal and prismatic sectors in rapid grown KDP and DKDP crystals . Opt. Mater. Exp. , 2019 . 9 4605 -4613 . DOI:10.1364/OME.9.004605http://doi.org/10.1364/OME.9.004605 .

N. Zaitseva , L. Carman , I. Smolsky . Habit control during rapid growth of KDP and DKDP crystals . J. Cryst. Growth , 2002 . 241 363 -373 . DOI:10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01244-7http://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(02)01244-7 .

F. F. Liu , 等 . Effect of supersaturation on hillock of directional Growth of KDP crystals . Sci. Rep. , 2014 . 4 6886 DOI:10.1038/srep06886http://doi.org/10.1038/srep06886 .

D. Y. Chen , 等 . Rapid growth of a cuboid DKDP (KDxH2–x PO4) crystal . Cryst. Growth Des. , 2019 . 19 2746 -2750 . DOI:10.1021/acs.cgd.8b01876http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.8b01876 .

D. W. Fu , W. Zhang , R. G. Xiong . Isotope effect on SHG response and ferroelectric properties of a homochiral zinc coordination compound containing tetrazole Ligand . Cryst. Growth Des. , 2008 . 8 3461 -3464 . DOI:10.1021/cg800507khttp://doi.org/10.1021/cg800507k .

M. Tachikawa , 等 . First-principle calculation on isotope effect in KH2PO4 and KD2PO4 of hydrogen-bonded dielectric materials. approach with dynamic extended molecular orbital method . Ferroelectrics , 2002 . 268 3 -9 . DOI:10.1080/713715956http://doi.org/10.1080/713715956 .

Xu, M. X. et al. Study on the properties of the DKDP crystal with different deuterium content. Proceedings of SPIE 8206, Pacific Rim Laser Damage 2011: Optical Materials for High Power Lasers. Shanghai: SPIE, 2012, 82062B.

G. M. Loiacono , J. F. Balascio , W. Osborne . Effect of deuteration on the ferroelectric transition temperature and the distribution coefficient of deuterium in K(H1−xDx)2PO4 . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 1974 . 24 455 -456 . DOI:10.1063/1.1655009http://doi.org/10.1063/1.1655009 .

M. A. Yakshin , 等 . Determination of the deuteration degree of DKDP crystals by Raman spectroscopy technique . Laser Phys. , 1997 . 7 941 -945. .

T. Huser , 等 . Characterization of proton exchange layer profiles in KD2PO4 crystals by micro-Raman spectroscopy . Appl. Spectrosc. , 2004 . 58 349 -351 . DOI:10.1366/000370204322886726http://doi.org/10.1366/000370204322886726 .

G. H. Li , 等 . A new method to determine the deuterium content of DKDP crystal with thermo-gravimetric apparatus . Optical Mater. , 2006 . 29 220 -223 . DOI:10.1016/j.optmat.2005.08.031http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2005.08.031 .

W. J. Liu , 等 . Dependence of refractive indices on deuterium content in K(H1−xDx)2PO4 crystals . Opt. Laser Technol. , 2012 . 44 1769 -1772 . DOI:10.1016/j.optlastec.2012.02.002http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2012.02.002 .

Z. Tun , 等 . A high-resolution neutron-diffraction study of the effects of deuteration on the crystal structure of KH2PO4 . J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. , 1988 . 21 245 -258 . DOI:10.1088/0022-3719/21/2/008http://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3719/21/2/008 .

F. F. Liu , 等 . Determination of deuteration level of K (H1−xDx)2PO4 crystal . Opt. Mater. Exp. , 2016 . 6 2221 -2228 . DOI:10.1364/OME.6.002221http://doi.org/10.1364/OME.6.002221 .

F. F. Liu , 等 . Effect of supersaturation on deuteration distribution in K(H1−xDx)2PO4 crystals . Cryst. Res. Technol. , 2016 . 51 681 -687 . DOI:10.1002/crat.201600271http://doi.org/10.1002/crat.201600271 .

X. X. Chai , 等 . Noncritical phase-matched fourth harmonic generation properties of traditional grown large-size DKDP crystal . Opt. Commun. , 2017 . 392 162 -166 . DOI:10.1016/j.optcom.2016.12.071http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2016.12.071 .

C. Belouet , M. Monnier , J. C. Verplanke . Autoradiography as a tool for studying iron segregation and related defects in KH2PO4 single crystals . J. Cryst. Growth , 1975 . 29 109 -120 . DOI:10.1016/0022-0248(75)90057-3http://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(75)90057-3 .

J. Zaccaro , 等 . Origin of crazing in deuterated KDP crystals . Cryst. Growth Des. , 2014 . 14 6581 -6588 . DOI:10.1021/cg501491xhttp://doi.org/10.1021/cg501491x .

B. Dam , 等 . On the formation of etch grooves around stress fields due to inhomogeneous impurity distribution in KH2PO4 single crystals . J. Cryst. Growth , 1981 . 51 607 -623 . DOI:10.1016/0022-0248(81)90444-9http://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(81)90444-9 .

Fitzpatrick, M. E. & Lodini, A. Analysis of residual stress by diffraction using neutron and synchrotron radiation. (Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2003).

W. C. Jiang , 等 . Neutron diffraction measurement and numerical simulation to study the effect of repair depth on residual stress in 316L stainless steel repair weld . J. Press. Vessel Technol. , 2015 . 137 041406 DOI:10.1115/1.4028515http://doi.org/10.1115/1.4028515 .

X. Z. Chen , 等 . Residual stresses determination in an 8 mm Incoloy 800H weld via neutron diffraction . Mater. Des. , 2015 . 76 26 -31 . DOI:10.1016/j.matdes.2015.03.039http://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.03.039 .

F. F. Liu , 等 . 3D residual strain in DKDP crystals by neutron diffraction . Cryst. Res. Technol. , 2019 . 54 1900022 DOI:10.1002/crat.201900022http://doi.org/10.1002/crat.201900022 .

U. Straube , H. Beige . Third order elastic coefficients of KDP at room temperature . J. Korean Phys. Soc. , 1998 . 3 S459 -S4460. .

Melninkaitis, A. et al. Characterization of the KDP crystals used in large-aperture doublers and triplers. In Proceedings of SPIE 5647, Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2004 298–305 (Boulder: SPIE, 2004).

G. Veitas , 等 . Efficient femtosecond pulse generation at 264 nm . Opt. Commun. , 1997 . 138 333 -336 . DOI:10.1016/S0030-4018(97)00072-2http://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-4018(97)00072-2 .

I. A. Begishev , 等 . Generation of the fifth harmonic of a neodymium laser and two-photon absorption in KDP and ADP crystals . Sov. J. Quantum Electron. , 1988 . 18 224 -228 . DOI:10.1070/QE1988v018n02ABEH011480http://doi.org/10.1070/QE1988v018n02ABEH011480 .

X. X. Chai , 等 . Nonlinear absorption properties of DKDP crystal at 263 nm and 351 nm . Optical Mater. , 2017 . 64 262 -267 . DOI:10.1016/j.optmat.2016.12.010http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2016.12.010 .

D. L. Wang , 等 . Effect of Fe3+ on third-order optical nonlinearity of KDP single crystals . CrystEngComm , 2016 . 18 9292 -9298 . DOI:10.1039/C6CE01877Ghttp://doi.org/10.1039/C6CE01877G .

P. Liu , 等 . Absolute two-photon absorption coefficients at 355 and 266 nm . Phys. Rev. B , 1978 . 17 4620 -4632 . DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.17.4620http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.17.4620 .

M. Divall , 等 . Two-photon-absorption of frequency converter crystals at 248 nm . Appl. Phys. B , 2005 . 81 1123 -1126 . DOI:10.1007/s00340-005-1954-7http://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-005-1954-7 .

D. T. Cai , 等 . Third-harmonic-generation nonlinear absorption coefficient of 70% deuterated DKDP crystal . Optical Mater. Express , 2017 . 7 4386 -4394 . DOI:10.1364/OME.7.004386http://doi.org/10.1364/OME.7.004386 .

D. T. Cai , 等 . Effect of annealing on nonlinear optical properties of 70% deuterated DKDP crystals at 355 nm . CrystEngComm , 2018 . 20 7357 -7363 . DOI:10.1039/C8CE01406Jhttp://doi.org/10.1039/C8CE01406J .

Woods, B. W. et al. Investigations of laser damage in KDP using light-scattering techniques. In Proceedings of SPIE 2966, Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1996 20–31 (Boulder: SPIE, 1997).

A. K. Burnham , 等 . Laser-induced damage in deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate . Appl. Opt. , 2003 . 42 5483 -5495 . DOI:10.1364/AO.42.005483http://doi.org/10.1364/AO.42.005483 .

M. Pommiès , 等 . Detection and characterization of absorption heterogeneities in KH2PO4 crystals . Opt. Commun. , 2006 . 267 154 -161 . DOI:10.1016/j.optcom.2006.06.043http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2006.06.043 .

Feit, M. D. & Rubenchik, A. M. Implications of nanoabsorber initiators for damage probability curves, pulselength scaling, and laser conditioning. In Proceedings of SPIE 5273, Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2003 74–82 (Boulder: SPIE, 2004).

S. T. Sun , 等 . The effect of material, thermal and laser conditioning on the damage threshold of type II tripler-cut DKDP crystals . Cryst. Res. Technol. , 2008 . 43 773 -777 . DOI:10.1002/crat.200711129http://doi.org/10.1002/crat.200711129 .

B. A. Liu , 等 . Effect of raw material and growth method on optical properties of DKDP crystal . Chin. Opt. Lett. , 2014 . 12 101604 DOI:10.3788/COL201412.101604http://doi.org/10.3788/COL201412.101604 .

R. A. Negres , 等 . Expedited laser damage profiling of KDxH2−xPO4 with respect to crystal growth parameters . Opt. Lett. , 2006 . 31 3110 -3112 . DOI:10.1364/OL.31.003110http://doi.org/10.1364/OL.31.003110 .

P. DeMange , 等 . Differentiation of defect populations responsible for bulk laser-induced damage in potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals . Opt. Eng. , 2006 . 45 104205 DOI:10.1117/1.2363166http://doi.org/10.1117/1.2363166 .

P. DeMange , 等 . Laser-induced defect reactions governing damage initiation in DKDP crystals . Opt. Exp. , 2006 . 14 5313 -5328 . DOI:10.1364/OE.14.005313http://doi.org/10.1364/OE.14.005313 .

J. Swain , 等 . Improving the bulk laser damage resistance of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals by pulsed laser irradiation . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 1982 . 40 350 -352 . DOI:10.1063/1.93095http://doi.org/10.1063/1.93095 .

J. E. Swain , 等 . The effect of baking and pulsed laser irradiation on the bulk laser damage threshold of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 1982 . 41 12 -14 . DOI:10.1063/1.93319http://doi.org/10.1063/1.93319 .

K. Fujioka , 等 . Optical properties of rapidly grown KDP crystal improved by thermal conditioning . J. Cryst. Growth , 1997 . 181 265 -271 . DOI:10.1016/S0022-0248(97)00164-4http://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0248(97)00164-4 .

Guillet, F. et al. Effects of thermal annealing on KDP and DKDP on laser damage resistance at 3ω. In Proceedings of SPIE 7842, Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2010 78421T (Boulder: SPIE, 2010).

Y. J. Fu , 等 . Study on K(DxH1−x)2PO4 crystals: growth habit, optical properties and their improvement by thermal-conditioning . Cryst. Res. Technol. , 2000 . 35 177 -184 . DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1521-4079(200002)35:2<177::AID-CRAT177>3.0.CO;2-5http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1521-4079(200002)35:2<177::AID-CRAT177>3.0.CO;2-5 .

L. S. Zhang , 等 . New annealing method to improve KD2PO4 crystal quality: learning from high temperature phase transition . CrystEngComm , 2015 . 17 4705 -4711 . DOI:10.1039/C5CE00813Ahttp://doi.org/10.1039/C5CE00813A .

R. A. Negres , P. DeMange , S. G. Demos . Investigation of laser annealing parameters for optimal laser-damage performance in deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate . Opt. Lett. , 2005 . 30 2766 -2768 . DOI:10.1364/OL.30.002766http://doi.org/10.1364/OL.30.002766 .

Adams, J. J. et al. Pulse length dependence of laser conditioning and bulk damage in KD2PO4. In Proceedings of SPIE 5647, Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 2004 265–278 (Boulder: SPIE, 2005).

P. DeMange , 等 . Laser annealing characteristics of multiple bulk defect populations within DKDP crystals . J. Appl. Phys. , 2008 . 104 103103 DOI:10.1063/1.3000460http://doi.org/10.1063/1.3000460 .

G. Duchateau . Simple models for laser-induced damage and conditioning of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals by nanosecond pulses . Opt. Express , 2009 . 17 10434 -10456 . DOI:10.1364/OE.17.010434http://doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.010434 .

Z. M. Liao , 等 . Predicting laser-induced bulk damage and conditioning for deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals using an absorption distribution model . Opt. Lett. , 2010 . 35 2538 -2540 . DOI:10.1364/OL.35.002538http://doi.org/10.1364/OL.35.002538 .

G. H. Hu , 等 . One-on-One and R-on-One Tests on KDP and DKDP crystals with different orientations . Chin. Phys. Lett. , 2009 . 26 087801 DOI:10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/087801http://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/26/8/087801 .

G. H. Hu , 等 . Transmittance increase after laser conditioning reveals absorption properties variation in DKDP crystals . Opt. Express , 2012 . 20 25169 -25180 . DOI:10.1364/OE.20.025169http://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.025169 .

Y. L. Wang , 等 . Mitigation of scattering defect and absorption of DKDP crystals by laser conditioning . Opt. Express , 2015 . 23 16273 -16280 . DOI:10.1364/OE.23.016273http://doi.org/10.1364/OE.23.016273 .

Runkel, M. J. et al. Analysis of high-resolution scatter images from laser damage experiments performed on KDP. In Proceedings of SPIE 2714, 27th Annual Boulder Damage Symposium: Laser-Induced Damage in Optical Materials: 1995 185–195 (Boulder: SPIE, 1996).

S. Setzler , 等 . Hydrogen atoms in KH2PO4 crystals . Phys. Rev. B , 1998 . 57 2643 -2646 . DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.57.2643http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.57.2643 .

K. T. Stevens , 等 . Identification of the intrinsic self-trapped hole center in KD2PO4 . Appl. Phys. Lett. , 1999 . 75 1503 -1505 . DOI:10.1063/1.124736http://doi.org/10.1063/1.124736 .

M. M. Chirila , 等 . Production and thermal decay of radiation-induced point defects in KD2PO4 crystals . J. Appl. Phys. , 2003 . 94 6456 -6462 . DOI:10.1063/1.1620680http://doi.org/10.1063/1.1620680 .

S. G. Demos , M. Staggs , H. B. Radousky . Bulk defect formations in KH2PO4 crystals investigated using fluorescence microscopy . Phys. Rev. B , 2003 . 67 224102 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.67.224102http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.67.224102 .

C. S. Liu , 等 . electron-or hole-assisted reactions of h defects in hydrogen-bonded kdp . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2003 . 91 015505 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.015505http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.015505 .

C. S. Liu , 等 . Electronic structure calculations of intrinsic and extrinsic hydrogen point defects in KH2PO4 . Phys. Rev. B , 2003 . 68 224107 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.68.224107http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.68.224107 .

C. S. Liu , 等 . Electronic structure calculations of an oxygen vacancy in KH2PO4 . Phys. Rev. B , 2005 . 72 134110 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.72.134110http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.134110 .

K. P. Wang , 等 . First-principles study of interstitial oxygen in potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals . Phys. Rev. B , 2005 . 72 184105 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevB.72.184105http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.72.184105 .

L. Li , 等 . Sulfate may play an important role in the wavelength dependence of laser induced damage . Opt. Express , 2006 . 14 12196 -12198 . DOI:10.1364/OE.14.012196http://doi.org/10.1364/OE.14.012196 .

T. T. Sui , 等 . Stability and electronic structure of hydrogen vacancies in ADP: hybrid DFT with vdW correction . RSC Adv. , 2018 . 8 6931 -6939 . DOI:10.1039/C7RA13212Chttp://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA13212C .

T. T. Sui , 等 . Comparison of hydrogen vacancies in KDP and ADP crystals: a combination of density functional theory calculations and experiment . Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. , 2019 . 21 6186 -6197 . DOI:10.1039/C8CP07685Ehttp://doi.org/10.1039/C8CP07685E .

T. T. Sui , 等 . Comparison of oxygen vacancy and interstitial oxygen in KDP and ADP crystals from density functional theory calculations . Comput. Mater. Sci. , 2020 . 182 109783 DOI:10.1016/j.commatsci.2020.109783http://doi.org/10.1016/j.commatsci.2020.109783 .

T. T. Sui , 等 . Structural stress and extra optical absorption induced by the intrinsic cation defects in KDP and ADP crystals: a theoretical study . CrystEngComm , 2020 . 22 1962 -1969 . DOI:10.1039/C9CE01937Ehttp://doi.org/10.1039/C9CE01937E .

T. T. Sui , 等 . Hybrid density functional theory for the stability and electronic properties of Fe-doped cluster defects in KDP crystal . CrystEngComm , 2021 . 23 7839 -7845 . DOI:10.1039/D1CE01140Ehttp://doi.org/10.1039/D1CE01140E .

X. Y. Jiang , 等 . First-principles studies on optical absorption of [010] screw dislocation in KDP crystals . CrystEngComm , 2021 . 23 7412 -7417 . DOI:10.1039/D1CE00987Ghttp://doi.org/10.1039/D1CE00987G .

X. Y. Jiang , 等 . Theoretical analysis of electronic structure and optical properties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal affected by [011] screw dislocation . Cryst. Growth Des. , 2022 . 22 1764 -1769 . DOI:10.1021/acs.cgd.1c01345http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.1c01345 .

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

暂无数据