The complex Maxwell stress tensor theorem: The imaginary stress tensor and the reactive strength of orbital momentum. A novel scenery underlying electromagnetic optical forces

Manuel Nieto-Vesperinas; Xiaohao Xu

doi:10.1038/s41377-022-00979-2

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The complex Maxwell stress tensor theorem: The imaginary stress tensor and the reactive strength of orbital momentum. A novel scenery underlying electromagnetic optical forces

Original Articles

- The complex Maxwell stress tensor theorem: The imaginary stress tensor and the reactive strength of orbital momentum. A novel scenery underlying electromagnetic optical forces
- The complex Maxwell stress tensor theorem: The imaginary stress tensor and the reactive strength of orbital momentum. A novel scenery underlying electromagnetic optical forces
- LSA 2022年11卷第11期页码：2655-2675
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
  2.State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710119, China
  3.Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
- Author bio：
  
  Manuel Nieto-Vesperinas (mnieto@icmm.csic.es)
  Xiaohao Xu (xuxhao_dakuren@163.com)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-022-00979-2
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2022-11-30，
  
  网络出版日期：2022-10-12，
  
  收稿日期：2022-06-09，
  
  修回日期：2022-09-08，
  
  录用日期：2022-09-09
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
The complex Maxwell stress tensor theorem: The imaginary stress tensor and the reactive strength of orbital momentum. A novel scenery underlying electromagnetic optical forces[J]. LSA, 2022,11(11):2655-2675.

Nieto-Vesperinas, M. & Xu, X. H. The complex Maxwell stress tensor theorem: The imaginary stress tensor and the reactive strength of orbital momentum. A novel scenery underlying electromagnetic optical forces. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 2655-2675 (2022).
The complex Maxwell stress tensor theorem: The imaginary stress tensor and the reactive strength of orbital momentum. A novel scenery underlying electromagnetic optical forces[J]. LSA, 2022,11(11):2655-2675. DOI： 10.1038/s41377-022-00979-2.

Nieto-Vesperinas, M. & Xu, X. H. The complex Maxwell stress tensor theorem: The imaginary stress tensor and the reactive strength of orbital momentum. A novel scenery underlying electromagnetic optical forces. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 2655-2675 (2022). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-022-00979-2.

摘要

Abstract

We uncover the existence of a universal phenomenon concerning the electromagnetic optical force exerted by light or other electromagnetic waves on a distribution of charges and currents in general

and of particles in particular. This conveys the appearence of underlying reactive quantities that hinder radiation pressure and currently observed time-averaged forces. This constitutes a novel paradigm of the mechanical efficiency of light on matter

and completes the landscape of the optical

and generally electromagnetic

force in photonics and classical electrodynamics; widening our understanding in the design of both illumination and particles in optical manipulation without the need of increasing the illuminating power

and thus lowering dissipation and heating. We show that this may be accomplished through the minimization of what we establish as the reactive strength of orbital (or canonical) momentum

which plays against the optical force a role analogous to that of the reactive power versus the radiation efficiency of an antenna. This long time overlooked quantity

important for current progress of optical manipulation

and that stems from the complex Maxwell theorem of conservation of complex momentum that we put forward

as well as its alternating flow associated to the imaginary part of the complex Maxwell stress tensor

conform the imaginary Lorentz force that we introduce in this work

and that like the reactive strength of orbital momentum

is antagonistic to the well-known time-averaged force; thus making this reactive Lorentz force indirectly observable near wavelengths at which the time-averaged force is lowered. The Minkowski and Abraham momenta are also addressed.

关键词

Keywords

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