Terahertz structured light: nonparaxial Airy imaging using silicon diffractive optics

Rusnė Ivaškevičiūtė-Povilauskienė; Paulius Kizevičius; Ernestas Nacius; Domas Jokubauskis; Kęstutis Ikamas; Alvydas Lisauskas; Natalia Alexeeva; Ieva Matulaitienė; Vytautas Jukna; Sergej Orlov; Linas Minkevičius; Gintaras Valušis

doi:10.1038/s41377-022-01007-z

Go to Nature Website

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Terahertz structured light: nonparaxial Airy imaging using silicon diffractive optics

Original Articles

- Terahertz structured light: nonparaxial Airy imaging using silicon diffractive optics
- Terahertz structured light: nonparaxial Airy imaging using silicon diffractive optics
- LSA 2022年11卷第12期页码：2909-2921
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Department of Optoelectronics, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
  2.Department of Fundamental Research, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
  3.Institute of Applied Electrodynamics & Telecommunications, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
  4.CENTERA Labs., Institute of High Pressure Physics PAS, ul. Sokolowska 29/37, Warsaw, 01-142, Poland
  5.Department of Organic Chemistry, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
  6.Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 3, Vilnius, 10257, Lithuania
- Author bio：
  
  Rusnė. Ivaškevičiūtė-Povilauskienė (rusne.ivaskeviciute@ftmc.lt)
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1038/s41377-022-01007-z
  中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2022-12-31，
  
  网络出版日期：2022-11-17，
  
  收稿日期：2022-05-23，
  
  修回日期：2022-09-09，
  
  录用日期：2022-10-08
- Accepted：
Scan QR Code
Terahertz structured light: nonparaxial Airy imaging using silicon diffractive optics[J]. LSA, 2022,11(12):2909-2921.

Ivaškevičiūtė-Povilauskienė, R. et al. Terahertz structured light: nonparaxial Airy imaging using silicon diffractive optics. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 2909-2921 (2022).
Terahertz structured light: nonparaxial Airy imaging using silicon diffractive optics[J]. LSA, 2022,11(12):2909-2921. DOI： 10.1038/s41377-022-01007-z.

Ivaškevičiūtė-Povilauskienė, R. et al. Terahertz structured light: nonparaxial Airy imaging using silicon diffractive optics. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 2909-2921 (2022). DOI： 10.1038/s41377-022-01007-z.

摘要

Abstract

Structured light – electromagnetic waves with a strong spatial inhomogeneity of amplitude

phase

and polarization – has occupied far-reaching positions in both optical research and applications. Terahertz (THz) waves

due to recent innovations in photonics and nanotechnology

became so robust that it was not only implemented in a wide variety of applications such as communications

spectroscopic analysis

and non-destructive imaging

but also served as a low-cost and easily implementable experimental platform for novel concept illustration. In this work

we show that structured nonparaxial THz light in the form of Airy

Bessel

and Gaussian beams can be generated in a compact way using exclusively silicon diffractive optics prepared by femtosecond laser ablation technology. The accelerating nature of the generated structured light is demonstrated via THz imaging of objects partially obscured by an opaque beam block. Unlike conventional paraxial approaches

when a combination of a lens and a cubic phase (or amplitude) mask creates a nondiffracting Airy beam

we demonstrate simultaneous lensless nonparaxial THz Airy beam generation and its application in imaging system. Images of single objects

imaging with a controllable placed obstacle

and imaging of stacked graphene layers are presented

revealing hence potential of the approach to inspect quality of 2D materials. Structured nonparaxial THz illumination is investigated both theoretically and experimentally with appropriate extensive benchmarks. The structured THz illumination consistently outperforms the conventional one in resolution and contrast

thus opening new frontiers of structured light applications in imaging and inverse scattering problems

as it enables sophisticated estimates of optical properties of the investigated structures.

关键词

Keywords

references

H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop , 等 . Roadmap on structured light . J. Opt. , 2017 . 19 013001 DOI:10.1088/2040-8978/19/1/013001http://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8978/19/1/013001 .

O. V. Angelsky , 等 . Structured light: Ideas and concepts . Front. Phys. , 2020 . 8 114 DOI:10.3389/fphy.2020.00114http://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2020.00114 .

Y. X. Ren , 等 . Non-diffracting light wave: Fundamentals and biomedical applications . Front. Phys. , 2021 . 9 698343 DOI:10.3389/fphy.2021.698343http://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2021.698343 .

A. Vasara , J. Turunen , A. T. Friberg . Realization of general nondiffracting beams with computer-generated holograms . J. Optical Soc. Am. A , 1989 . 6 1748 -1754 . DOI:10.1364/JOSAA.6.001748http://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.6.001748 .

X. L. Wei , 等 . Generation of arbitrary order Bessel beams via 3D printed axicons at the terahertz frequency range . Appl. Opt. , 2015 . 54 10641 -10649 . DOI:10.1364/AO.54.010641http://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.010641 .

S. Orlov , A. Piskarskas , A. Stabinis . Localized optical subcycle pulses in dispersive media . Opt. Lett. , 2002 . 27 2167 -2169 . DOI:10.1364/OL.27.002167http://doi.org/10.1364/OL.27.002167 .

J. Broky , 等 . Self-healing properties of optical airy beams . Opt. Express , 2008 . 16 12880 -12891 . DOI:10.1364/OE.16.012880http://doi.org/10.1364/OE.16.012880 .

S. Vyas , Y. Kozawa , S. Sato . Self-healing of tightly focused scalar and vector bessel–gauss beams at the focal plane . J. Optical Soc. Am. A , 2011 . 28 837 -843 . DOI:10.1364/JOSAA.28.000837http://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.28.000837 .

G. A. Siviloglou , 等 . Observation of accelerating airy beams . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2007 . 99 213901 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.213901http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.213901 .

S. Barwick . Accelerating regular polygon beams . Opt. Lett. , 2010 . 35 4118 -4120 . DOI:10.1364/OL.35.004118http://doi.org/10.1364/OL.35.004118 .

G. Ruffato , S. Brunetta , H. Kobayashi . A general conformal framework for regular cusp beams . Opt. Commun. , 2022 . 517 128325 DOI:10.1016/j.optcom.2022.128325http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2022.128325 .

S. Orlov , 等 . Propagation of Bessel beams carrying optical vortices . Opt. Commun. , 2002 . 209 155 -165 . DOI:10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01667-Xhttp://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01667-X .

T. A. Vieira , M. R. R. Gesualdi , M. Zamboni-Rached . Frozen waves: Experimental generation . Opt. Lett. , 2012 . 37 2034 -2036 . DOI:10.1364/OL.37.002034http://doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.002034 .

Z. Bouchal , M. Olivı́k . Non-diffractive vector Bessel beams . J. Mod. Opt. , 1995 . 42 1555 -1566 . DOI:10.1080/09500349514551361http://doi.org/10.1080/09500349514551361 .

Forbes, A., De Oliveira, M. & Dennis, M. R. Structured light. Nat. Photonics 15, 253–262 (2021).

J. C. Gutiérrez-Vega , M. D. Iturbe-Castillo , S. Chávez-Cerda . Alternative formulation for invariant optical fields: Mathieu beams . Opt. Lett. , 2000 . 25 1493 -1495 . DOI:10.1364/OL.25.001493http://doi.org/10.1364/OL.25.001493 .

M. A. Bandres , J. C. Gutiérrez-Vega , S. Chávez-Cerda . Parabolic nondiffracting optical wave fields . Opt. Lett. , 2004 . 29 44 -46 . DOI:10.1364/OL.29.000044http://doi.org/10.1364/OL.29.000044 .

J. D. Ring , 等 . Auto-focusing and self-healing of pearcey beams . Opt. Express , 2012 . 20 18955 -18966 . DOI:10.1364/OE.20.018955http://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.018955 .

Q. B. Fan , 等 . Broadband generation of photonic spin-controlled arbitrary accelerating light beams in the visible . Nano Lett. , 2019 . 19 1158 -1165 . DOI:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04571http://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b04571 .

N. K. Efremidis , 等 . Airy beams and accelerating waves: An overview of recent advances . Optica , 2019 . 6 686 -701 . DOI:10.1364/OPTICA.6.000686http://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.6.000686 .

Y. H. Guo , 等 . Polarization-controlled broadband accelerating beams generation by single catenary-shaped metasurface . Adv. Optical Mater. , 2019 . 7 1900503 DOI:10.1002/adom.201900503http://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201900503 .

A. Zannotti , 等 . Shaping caustics into propagation-invariant light . Nat. Commun. , 2020 . 11 1 -73597 . DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-17439-3http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-17439-3 .

L. Zhu , 等 . Flexible rotation of transverse optical field for 2D self-accelerating beams with a designated trajectory . Opto-Electron. Adv. , 2021 . 4 200021 DOI:10.29026/oea.2021.200021http://doi.org/10.29026/oea.2021.200021 .

J. Geng . Structured-light 3D surface imaging: A tutorial . Adv. Opt. Photonics , 2011 . 3 128 -160 . DOI:10.1364/AOP.3.000128http://doi.org/10.1364/AOP.3.000128 .

A. Bitman , I. Moshe , Z. Zalevsky . Improving depth-of field in broadband thz beams using nondiffractive Bessel beams . Opt. Lett. , 2012 . 37 4164 -4166 . DOI:10.1364/OL.37.004164http://doi.org/10.1364/OL.37.004164 .

L. Minkevičius , 等 . Bessel terahertz imaging with enhanced contrast realized by silicon multi-phase diffractive optics . Opt. Express , 2019 . 27 36358 -36367 . DOI:10.1364/OE.27.036358http://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.036358 .

J. Baltrukonis , 等 . High-order vector bessel-gauss beams for laser micromachining of transparent materials . Phys. Rev. Appl. , 2021 . 16 034001 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevApplied.16.034001http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.16.034001 .

P. Šlevas , 等 . Azimuthally modulated axicon vortical beams for laser microprocessing . Opt. Commun. , 2022 . 505 127509 DOI:10.1016/j.optcom.2021.127509http://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2021.127509 .

Y. S. Yuan , 等 . Beam wander relieved orbital angular momentum communication in turbulent atmosphere using Bessel beams . Sci. Rep. , 2017 . 7 1 -742276 . DOI:10.1038/s41598-016-0028-xhttp://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-016-0028-x.

L. Zhu , 等 . Airy beam for free-space photonic interconnection: Generation strategy and trajectory manipulation . J. Lightwave Technol. , 2020 . 38 6474 -6480 . DOI:10.1109/JLT.2020.3014893http://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2020.3014893 .

J. Wang , 等 . Airy-beam tomographic microscopy . Optica , 2020 . 7 790 -793 . DOI:10.1364/OPTICA.389894http://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.389894 .

T. Vettenburg , 等 . Light-sheet microscopy using an airy beam . Nat. Methods , 2014 . 11 541 -544 . DOI:10.1038/nmeth.2922http://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2922 .

D. J. Zhang , 等 . Enhanced sub-terahertz microscopy based on broadband airy beam . Adv. Mater. Technol. , 2022 . 7 2100985 DOI:10.1002/admt.202100985http://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202100985 .

S. Banerji , 等 . Imaging with flat optics: Metalenses or diffractive lenses? . Optica , 2019 . 6 805 -810 . DOI:10.1364/OPTICA.6.000805http://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.6.000805 .

J. Engelberg , U. Levy . The advantages of metalenses over diffractive lenses . Nat. Commun. , 2020 . 11 1 -41991 . DOI:10.1038/s41467-020-15972-9http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15972-9 .

O. Reshef , 等 . An optic to replace space and its application towards ultra-thin imaging systems . Nat. Commun. , 2021 . 12 1 -83512 . DOI:10.1038/s41467-021-23358-8http://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23358-8 .

H. Gao , 等 . Recent advances in optical dynamic meta-holography . Opto-Electron. Adv. , 2021 . 4 210030 DOI:10.29026/oea.2021.210030http://doi.org/10.29026/oea.2021.210030 .

A. Siemion . Terahertz diffractive optics—smart control over radiation . J. Infrared, Millim., Terahertz Waves , 2019 . 40 477 -499 . DOI:10.1007/s10762-019-00581-5http://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-019-00581-5 .

W. L. Guo , 等 . Airy beam generation: Approaching ideal efficiency and ultra wideband with reflective and transmissive metasurfaces . Adv. Optical Mater. , 2020 . 8 2000860 DOI:10.1002/adom.202000860http://doi.org/10.1002/adom.202000860 .

J. Wen , 等 . All-dielectric synthetic-phase metasurfaces generating practical airy beams . ACS Nano , 2021 . 15 1030 -1038 . DOI:10.1021/acsnano.0c07770http://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.0c07770 .

Q. Q. Cheng , 等 . Achromatic terahertz airy beam generation with dielectric metasurfaces . Nanophotonics , 2020 . 10 1123 -1131 . DOI:10.1515/nanoph-2020-0536http://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0536 .

Z. L. Deng , 等 . Full-visible transmissive metagratings with large angle/wavelength/polarization tolerance . Nanoscale , 2020 . 12 20604 -20609 . DOI:10.1039/D0NR05745Bhttp://doi.org/10.1039/D0NR05745B .

Z. L. Deng , 等 . Vectorial compound metapixels for arbitrary nonorthogonal polarization steganography . Adv. Mater. , 2021 . 33 2103472 DOI:10.1002/adma.202103472http://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202103472 .

G. Valušis , 等 . Roadmap of terahertz imaging 2021 . Sensors , 2021 . 21 4092 DOI:10.3390/s21124092http://doi.org/10.3390/s21124092 .

E. Castro-Camus , M. Koch , D. M. Mittleman . Recent advances in terahertz imaging: 1999 to 2021 . Appl. Phys. B , 2022 . 128 12 DOI:10.1007/s00340-021-07732-4http://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-021-07732-4 .

P. Hillger , 等 . Terahertz imaging and sensing applications with silicon-based technologies . IEEE Trans. Terahertz Sci. Technol. , 2019 . 9 1 -19 . DOI:10.1109/TTHZ.2018.2884852http://doi.org/10.1109/TTHZ.2018.2884852 .

J. W. He , 等 . Metasurfaces for terahertz wavefront modulation: A review . J. Infrared, Millim., Terahertz Waves , 2020 . 41 607 -631 . DOI:10.1007/s10762-020-00677-3http://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-020-00677-3 .

X. F. Zang , 等 . Metasurfaces for manipulating terahertz waves . Light: Adv. Manuf. , 2021 . 2 148 -172 . DOI:10.37188/lam.2021.010http://doi.org/10.37188/lam.2021.010.

A. Siemion . The magic of optics—an overview of recent advanced terahertz diffractive optical elements . Sensors , 2021 . 21 100 DOI:10.3390/s21010100http://doi.org/10.3390/s21010100 .

K. Ikamas , 等 . All-electronic emitter-detector pairs for 250 GHz in silicon . Sensors , 2021 . 21 5795 DOI:10.3390/s21175795http://doi.org/10.3390/s21175795 .

L. Minkevičius , 等 . Terahertz multilevel phase Fresnel lenses fabricated by laser patterning of silicon . Opt. Lett. , 2017 . 42 1875 -1878 . DOI:10.1364/OL.42.001875http://doi.org/10.1364/OL.42.001875 .

Born, M. & Wolf, E. Principles of Optics: Electromagnetic Theory of Propagation, Interference and Diffraction of Light. (Elsevier, 2013).

L. Minkevičius , 等 . Compact diffractive optics for THz imaging . Lithuanian J. Phys. , 2018 . 58 99 -107 . DOI:10.3952/physics.v58i1.3655http://doi.org/10.3952/physics.v58i1.3655 .

Indrišiūnas, S. et al. Laser-processed diffractive lenses for the frequency range of 4. 7 THz. Opt. Lett. 44, 1210–1213 (2019).

D. Jokubauskis , 等 . Fibonacci terahertz imaging by silicon diffractive optics . Opt. Lett. , 2018 . 43 2795 -2798 . DOI:10.1364/OL.43.002795http://doi.org/10.1364/OL.43.002795 .

Chadan, K. et al. An Introduction to Inverse Scattering and Inverse Spectral Problems. (SIAM, 1997).

E. Greenfield , 等 . Accelerating light beams along arbitrary convex trajectories . Phys. Rev. Lett. , 2011 . 106 213902 DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.213902http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.213902 .

D. Čibiraitė-Lukenskienė , 等 . Passive detection and imaging of human body radiation using an uncooled field-effect transistor-based THz detector . Sensors , 2020 . 20 4087 DOI:10.3390/s20154087http://doi.org/10.3390/s20154087 .

浏览量

Downloads

CSCD

文章被引用时，请邮件提醒。

Submit

工具集

关联资源

暂无数据